Transcript PROTECTED AREA: DEFINITION A protected area is an area of

PROTECTED AREA: DEFINITION
A protected area is an area of land
and/or sea especially dedicated to
the protection of biological
diversity, and of natural and
associated cultural resources, and
managed through legal or other
effective means (IUCN, 1994)
Management Categories
• Category I: Strict Nature Reserve/Wilderness
Area. Protected area managed mainly for science
or wilderness protection.
• Category II: National Park. Protected area
managed mainly for ecosystem protection and
recreation.
• Category III: Natural Monument/Natural
Landmark. Protected area managed mainly for
conservation of a specific natural features.
Cont’d
• Category IV: habitat and Species
Management Area. Protected area mainly for
conservation through management
intervention.
• Category V: Protected Landscape/Seascape.
Protected area managed mainly for
Landscape/Seascape protection and
recreation.
• Category VI: Managed Resource Protected
Area. Protected area managed mainly for the
sustainable use of natural resources.
Purposes for Protected Areas
According to the World Congress on National
Parks and Protected Areas (NCPPA):
1) Safeguard the world’s outstanding areas of
living richness, natural beauty and cultural
significance as a source of inspiration and
an irreplaceable asset;
2) Maintain the life-supporting diversity of
ecosystems, species, genetic varieties, and
ecological processes;
3) Protect genetic variation and species which
are needed t met human needs, e.g., in food
and medicine;
Cont’d
4) Provide homes to human communities with
traditional cultures ad knowledge of nature;
5) Protect landscapes reflecting a history of
human interaction with the environment;
6) Provide for scientific, educational,
recreational and spiritual needs of societies;
and
7) Provide benefits to local and national
economies and as models for sustainable
development to be applied elsewhere.
National Protected Areas, All Categories
(2003)
Number
Total Area Protected
(Million ha)
% of Total Land
•
Botswana
71
17.5
30.2
•
Ethiopia
40
18.6
16.4
•
Kenya
336
7.2
12.3
•
Namibia
196
4.6
5.6
•
Tanzania
792
37.4
39.6
•
South Africa
528
7.6
6.2
•
Zambia
683
31.2
41.4
•
Zimbabwe
249
5.7
14.7
Threatened Species in East & Southern Africa
• Country Mammals Birds Others* Total
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ethiopia
Kenya
Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Botswana
S. Africa
Namibia
34
51
43
12
12
5
41
14
16
24
33
11
10
7
20
9
27
136
303
14
16
0
214
13
77
211
379
37
38
12
275
36
* Include: Reptiles, amphibians, fishes, inverts,
plants
Common Features of Colonial Conservation
• Favored modern techno-scientific knowledge over
indigenous knowledge
• Nature portrayed as separated from human life
• Engagement with nature that was regulated by
bureaucratic control
• Engagement with nature through regulation and
coercion
• Application of standardized models of landscape
management and social administration
• Engagement with Nature aimed at increasing
productivity without regard to sustainability of
nature’s capital; nature was conquered, made
productive despite itself.