Transcript 3.1 How Changes Occur Naturally in Ecosystems

Before Class Task
 1. Hand in Reading Check page 115 and CYU Q1 and 9
 2. Pick up Checklist for Chapter 3
 3. Pick up Activity 3-1b information sheet
 4. Match the plant or microorganism species (1-4) to their adapted
environment (a-d).You will need to hand in with the activity project
 1. Lichen
 2. Mosses
 3. Grasses
 4. Shrubs
 5. Tall Trees
a. Bare Rock
b. More decomposing material
c. Some soil but mostly rock
d. There is a decomposing layer built up
e. A thick layer of decomposing layer
Chapter 3 Class Schedule
 March 3rd and Mar 4th Chapter 3.1 Primary and secondary
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succession. Modeling in Ecosystem Assignment (page 118)
March 5th and March 6th Continue Chapter 3.1 (page 118)
March 7th and March 10th Chapter 3.2 How human influence
ecosystem
March 11th and March 12th Chapter 3.3 How introduced species
affect ecosystem- Cane Toad Video Worksheet (Notebook Due)
March 13th and March 14th Cane Toad Video Worksheet and note
April 1st and April 2nd Test Review
April 3rd and April 4th Chapter 3 test
Announcement
 Office Hour: Lunch Time, Room 204. Come to ask me
questions about: assignment due, project, notebook due, and
test date
 Learning Journal Continue for Chapter 3- It is a study note
and you should keep it updated as the class goes (due March
11, Chapter 3.1 and 3.2 up to date)
Example: The Finches of the Galapagos Islands (off the coast of Ecuador)
Finches: There are 13 species on the island…
ECOLOGICAL
SUCCESSION
Changes in the biotic
characteristics in an
area over time.
Primary
Succession
P111-113
Secondary
Succession
p114
1) Steps of Primary Succession (page 111)
a. Starts with bare rock.
b. Wind carries spores of lichens that can survive
on bare rock.
c. Weathering breaks down rock  soil begins to
form
d. Pioneer species make/improve soil
e. Other plants can grow
f. Animals appear
g.form a mature
community (stable
and change slowly)

Pioneer Species are the first organisms to survive and reproduce.
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Examples: Lichens and mosses
Lichen
Bare rock
Mosses
Bare rock
breaks
down and
create soil
Grasses
and
shrubs
Thin Layer of
soil. A
Decomposing
layer start
forming
Deciduous
Trees
More
decomposing
layer and
more mosit
and fertile
Very tall
coniferous
trees
A very thick
nutritious and
fertile
decomposing
layer
2. Secondary Succession:


when an area already has soil, but has had a disturbance like a
forest fire or clearcut.
Happens more quickly than primary because there are
already seeds, insects, worms etc. in the soil.
Activity 3-1 B Part 1
 Format: Hand in individually, but you are welcome to work with a
partner
 Instruction:
 Question (p118): recall the discussion on the similarity and difference
between primary and secondary succession (1 point for similarity and
1 point for difference)
 Step 1: Put the stages in order.You need to check with me before you
continue. (5 points)
 Step 2: Draw the illustration of the seven stages (1 point)
 Step 3: Select one of the natural disturbance (page 119)
 Step 4: Draw three sketches to illustrate the secondary succession (1
point)
Activity 3-1 B Part 2
 Format: Hand in individually, but you are welcome to work with a
partner
 Instruction:
 Analyze: you need to write a paragraph that include and underline the
following terms: pioneer organisms (0.5 point), changes (0.5 point),
replaces (0.5 point), community (0.5 point), least biodiversity (0.5
point), most biodiversity (0.5 point), and mature community (0.5
point) (3.5 point in total)
 Compare the biotic similarity (0.5 point), difference (0.5 point),
abiotic similarity (0.5 point), and abiotic difference (0.5 point) (2
points in total)
 Bonus mark (1 extra point) Put the stages in Before Class Activity in
order
Wrap up
 Hand in Check Your Understanding 2-7 on page 121
 Read page 111 to 114. There will be competition in the
beginning of next class
Disturbances that Might Cause
Secondary Succession
 Flooding
 Leads to soil erosion, spread of pollutants and harmful bacteria
associated with sewage
 Climate change and global warming may be increasing incidents
of flooding.
 A tsunami occurs when huge waves, from large
earthquakes, flood coastal areas.
 Drought
 Insect infestation
- Most insects are helpful,
but when normal
conditions change,
infestations can occur.
- Example: Mountain Pine
Beetle:
Usually it is not a
problem…it helps remove
old trees, but….
…in our forests there are a lot of old trees, the climate is
warming, and the bugs are not dying in the winter.
Pine beetle has blue stain fungus in its mouthparts, which it
transmits to the trees (symbiotic relationship).
Fungus slows down resin production on trees so the beetle
can eat the tree more easily.