Transcript bio 1.1 biomes student version

UNIT 1
Sustaining Earth’s Ecosystems
Overall goal of the Unit:
By the end of unit 1, you will be able to discuss the
significance of natural phenomena and human
factors within an ecosystems.
Learning Outcomes for UNIT 1:
• What are the abiotic and biotic elements in ecosystems
• How does carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus cycle within the
ecosystem?
• Explore ecosystems with similar characteristics in different geographical
locations
• What are the effects of altering an abiotic factor
• Describe species adaptation
• Create food webs and pyramids
• Describe the mechanisms and possible impacts of bioaccumulation
• Explain traditional ecological knowledge (TEK)
• Discuss the impact of natural phenomena, foreign species, disease,
pollution, habitat destruction, and exploitation of resources on
ecosystems
Important Unit 1 Vocabulary
abiotic
acid precipitation/rain
adaptation
adaptive radiation
algae
annual precipitation
annual temperature
aquatic
bacteria
bioaccumulation
biodegradation
biodiversity
biomagnification
biome
biosphere
biotic
carbon exchange
carbon sink
carbon store
Carbonate
carnivore
cellular respiration
climate
climatograph
climax community
commensalism
community
competition
consumer
(primary, secondary,
tertiary)
DDT
decomposers
deforestation
denitrification
detrivore
ecological hierarchy
(organism, population,
community, ecosystem)
ecological pyramid
(pyramid of biomass,
pyramid of energy,
pyramid of numbers)
ecological succession
(primary, secondary)
ecology
ecosystem
elevation
estuary
Extinction
food chains
food pyramids
food webs
foreign species
fossil fuel
grazing
habitat
heavy metals
herbivore
host
keystone species
latitude
legumes
lichen
Lightning
mutualism
native species
natural selection
niche
nitrification
nutrients
omnivore
parasitism
PCBs
pesticide
pH
phosphorus
photosynthesis
phytoplankton
pioneer species
predation
producer
Proliferation
soil degradation
stability
symbiosis
terrestrial
top consumer/predator/
carnivore
toxin
trophic levels
zooplankton
Introduction
• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/kids/animalspets-kids/mammals-kids/hippo-fishclean-kids.html
UNIT 1 Sustaining Earth’s Ecosystems
• Chapter 1: Biomes and ecosystems are
divisions of the biosphere (p. 6 – 53)
• 1.1 Biomes Words to Know
 abiotic
 adaptation
 Biome
 Biotic
climate
climatograph
ecosystems
Biosphere
terrestrial
Learning Goals for 1.1
• define abiotic, biotic, biome, and ecosystem
• identify distinctive plants, animals, and climatic characteristics of
Canadian biomes (tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest,
temperate rainforest, grasslands)
• identify biotic and abiotic factors in a given scenario or diagram
• identify factors that affect the global distribution of the following biomes
(8): tropical rainforest, temperate rainforest, temperate deciduous forest,
boreal forest, grasslands, desert, tundra, polar ice
• using examples, explain why ecosystems with similar characteristics can
exist in different geographical locations (i.e., significance of abiotic
factors)
Think Pad…
• Scientists study the biosphere by breaking it down into smaller
divisions. Place the following terms in order of size of division:
Biome, habitat, biosphere, ecosystem
1.1
A. Biomes
• __________________: anywhere on Earth living things exist.
 _____________ are regions with similar __________ and
similar ___________ components (ex. BC and New
Zealand are similar biomes)
___________ = living things
___________ = non-living things
See pages 8 -10
Abiotic and Biotic
Examples of Biotic Components
Examples of Abiotic Components
 _____________ are classified based on many qualities, such
as water availability, temperature, and interactions between
biotic and abiotic factors.
 We will study types of biomes called “___________________, or
land-based biomes
 There are __________ types of biomes: Boreal forest, desert,
grassland, permanent ice, temperate deciduous forest,
temperate rainforest, tropical rainforest and tundra.
See pages 8 -10
Activity 1.1A
Observing Patterns in World Biomes
What to Do
What did you find out?
Reading Check Page 12
B. Factors That Influence
the Characteristics and
Distribution of Biomes
• Think Pad…
Factors That Influence the Characteristics and
Distribution of Biomes
• Certain characteristics help to identify biomes.
 ________________ and _______________ are two of
the most important _____________ factors.
See pages 10 - 13
Practice Problems
Practice Problems page 13
 Other Factors That Influence the Characteristics and Distribution
of Biomes include _______________, ___________________ and
__________________ ___________________
• __________________ is the distance north and south from
the equator.
 ______________ influences both temperature &
precipitation.
Ex. The tropical zone has very warm temperatures and high
precipitation because:
 The sun shines straight down & warm air holds more moisture
than cooler air.
See pages 14 - 15
• ____________________ is the height above sea level
 _____________ elevations have ________ air, and
therefore ____________ heat is retained.
 Windward sides of mountains are wet, leeward sides
are very dry.
• _____________ ____________ carry warmth and moisture
to coastal areas.
 Where warm currents meet land, temperate biomes are
found.
Reading Check Page 15
C. Climatographs
• ________________: the average pattern of weather
conditions over a period of several years.
 A climatograph shows the __________ _______________
and _____________________ for a location over a period
of 30 years or more.
• Biomes are often defined using information in
climatographs.
See pages 16 - 17
Climatographs
 Examine the differences between Tofino and Osoyoos
See pages 16 - 17
D. Adaptations and Biomes
• Biomes are often
identified with
characteristic biotic
factors.
 For example, a cactus in
the desert, or a caribou on
the tundra.
 Many of these
characteristic factors have
special adaptations that
allow the organisms to
better survive and
reproduce in that biome.
See pages 18 - 19
Adaptations and Biomes (continued)
Types of adaptations:
1. ________________ __________________ - a physical
feature that helps an organism survive.
ex. A wolf has large paws to help it run in snow.
2. ________________ _________________ - a physical or
chemical event inside the body of an organism that allows
it to survive.
ex. A wolf maintains a constant body temperature.
3. _______________ _________________
- a behaviour that helps an organism to survive.
ex. Wolves hunt in packs to capture large prey.
Reading Check Page 19 AND 29
1.1 Summary
• Biomes of the World (8)
• Factors that influence the Characteristics and distribution of
biomes (Temperature, Precipitation, latitude, levation, ocean
currents)
• Climatographs (ave. temperature an precipitation)
• Adaptations (structural, physiological, beehavioural)