Transcript Biodiversity at the World Bank

Biodiversity at the World Bank
Dr Kathy MacKinnon
Lead Biodiversity Specialist
Environment Department
The World Bank
February 2006
1.World Bank Support for
Biodiversity 1988-2005
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$5.1 billion (492 projects)
250+ PA projects ($3.3b)
105 countries, 37 multi-country
35% IBRD & IDA lending
21% GEF
50%+ forest ecosystems
2. FY05 Bank Biodiversity projects $5.1 billion
3. Amazon Basin
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Amazon Region Protected Areas
Strengthen 12.5 m ha PAs
New 28.5 m ha PAs in Amazon rainforest
Est. Tumucumaque 1.9m ha
Rain Forest Trust Fund ($124m)
Indigenous Lands – land titling
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Extractive reserves
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4. East Asia
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Kerinci-Seblat ICDP (1.4m ha), Indonesia
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Virachey N.P. Cambodia (indigenous mapping)
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Forest protection & Rural Development,
Central Highlands, Vietnam (ICDP)
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Indonesia Tsunami Rebuilding - $17.5 m for
protection of Leuser Ecosystem, Aceh
5. Congo Basin
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Congo - Wildlands Protection and Management
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Regional Environmental Information and Mapping (REIMP)
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Cameroon Biodiversity Conservation and Management
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Forest sector reform Cameroon (DPL)
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Forest sector reform DRC, including PA support
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Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) –
ministerial agreements
6. Eastern Europe & Central Asia
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Russia Far East - Sustainable Forestry
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Khabarovsky Habitat Protection -tigers
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Central Asia Transboundary (West Tien Shan)
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Eastern Caucasus – Georgia
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Azerbaijan PAs
7. Large Landscape - Regional
Partnerships in MesoAmerica
THE MABC Initiative: 2001-2004 Components provide the “glue”
to national conservation efforts
1. MANAGEMENT AND
MONITORING TOOLS
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3. MAINSTREAMING
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4. CAPACITY
BUILDING
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PROMOTION
/COMMUNICATION
STRATEGY
8. Marine Conservation
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Large Marine Ecosystems, MPAs, ICZM
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COREMAP, Komodo, Indonesia
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MesoAmerican Barrier Reef System
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Coral Reef Targeted Research
9. Strategic Partnerships
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Global partnerships (GEF, CBD and other international
agreements), Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
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CGIAR network - CIFOR
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NGO Partnerships: WWF/World Bank Alliance for Forests,
Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund, Global Invasive
Species Programme, Forest Trends, EcoAgriculture, Alliance
of Religions and Conservation.
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Partnerships with private sector: CEOs Forum on Forests,
World Business Council for Sustainable Development, IFC.
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Local Language Field Guides Program (99 guides)
10. Bank/WWF Global
Forest Alliance
2005 targets:
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50 million hectares of new protected areas
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50 m ha more effectively managed Pas
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200 m ha sustainably managed forest
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Achievements:
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28.5 m ha Amazon rainforest (ARPA, Brazil)
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Certification for SFM in Vietnam
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Tools for PA management effectiveness
11. Critical Ecosystem Partnership
Fund (CEPF)
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Conservation International (CI), Global
Environment Facility (GEF), World Bank,
Govt. of Japan, MacArthur Foundation
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$125m – 15 hotspots (from 19 eligible)
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$73 million grants awarded
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570 partners in 34 countries
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Next: W Ghats, Sri Lanka, Indochina
12. Challenges & Opportunities
Conservation Finance
 Measuring biodiversity impact
 Logging & wildlife trade
 Biodiversity-poverty linkages
 Payments for Ecosystem Services
 Invasive alien species
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13. Conservation Finance
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Conservation Trust Funds for Protected
Areas - Peru, Bolivia, Bhutan, Uganda
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Vietnam Conservation Fund
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Direct payments to maintain wildlife
corridors (Kenya)
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Tradable development rights - Brazil
14. Measuring Biodiversity Impact
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Simple tools to use at project sites e.g. PA
management effectiveness tool
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RAPPAM – network level
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Simple tools for assessing SFM
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Biodiversity impact in production landscape e.g.
impact of agricultural practices.
15. Logging and Wildlife Trade
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Well managed forests - effective extension of the conservation
estate, supplementing PA network
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FLEG: AFR, EAP, ECA –illegal logging (costs up to $5
billion annually in lost revenues)
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Analysis of wildlife trade (East Asia, Congo Basin)
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Costs & benefits of improved regulation to stop wildlife
harvesting in forest concessions
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Improved certification to include biodiversity
16. Poverty-Biodiversity Linkages
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Forest governance and management systems to increase
benefits to local communities
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Synergies between biodiversity and community benefits
(problems with ICDPs – what are win-wins?)
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Lessons learned and BP for SFM and community forestry
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Protected Areas and Indigenous Peoples, how to generate
social and conservation outcomes
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Ecosystem services to generate benefits for forest stewardship
17. Payments for Ecosystem
Services (PES)
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Linking forest protection to downstream agriculture
e.g. Madagascar (additional 6m ha protected)
Ecomarkets project in Costa Rica
Integrated Silvopastoral approach to ecosystem
management (Colombia, Nicaragua, Costa Rica)
Carbon Funds, especially BioCarbon Fund
Effective mechanisms to generate sufficient shortterm returns for long-term protection
18. Invasive Alien Species
2nd greatest threat to biodiversity, esp. on islands
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Reduce crop yields, Land degradation
Ecosystems services, water quality & quantity
Reduce lifespan of development investments, choke
irrigation canals, HEP dams
Impact on poorest sections of society…..
Bank support to GISP secretariat & program
IAS projects: Lake Victoria, Mauritius, Seychelles
19. Invasive Alien Species
Constraints to Development
Annual Costs
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Australia
Brazil
India
South Africa
UK
USA
US$ 13 billion
US$ 50 billion
US$ 116 billion
US$ 7 billion
US$ 12 billion
US$140 billion
 (Source: Pimentel et al. 2001, National Geographic 2005)
20. IAS and Forestry
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Deliberate & accidental introductions, including “Aid trade”
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Rapid growth, tolerant of range of conditions
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653 woody species invasive e.g. Acacia nilotica, Prosopis
juliflora
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22 of 43 worst invasives S. Africa –forestry, e.g. black wattle
(estimated costs $1426 million)
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Solutions linked to poverty alleviation – who gains, who loses?
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Working for Water ($100m/annually to remove invasives)
Biodiversity at the World Bank
 For
more information please visit:
www.worldbank.org/biodiversity