Transcript Chapter 14 intro - BennettHighBiologyWiki

Before
Today
Tomorrow
The basics
of ecology.
Where and
how
organisms
live.
Specifically
how
organisms
interact.
Today’s Objectives:
• To communicate the difference between an
organism’s habitat and an organism’s niche.
• To identify species in competitive exclusion.
• To classify species as ecological equivalents.
Terms for Notes
Habitat:
Ecological Niche:
All the biotic and abiotic
factors in the area
where an organism
lives
All the factors that a
species needs to survive.
How it lives. Its Role.
(living and nonliving
factors)
Includes food, abiotic
conditions and behavior.
Question 1
What a species does while it is active
would be a(n):
A.
B.
C.
D.
Habitat
Abiotic Factor
Behavior
Great way to stay healthy.
Question 2
What are the THREE parts of an organism’s
ecological niche?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Food, Respiration, Parasites
DNA, Abiotic conditions, Behavior
Behavior, Food, Location
Abiotic conditions, Behavior, Food
What exactly is a niche?
• A niche is an animal’s
ROLE in a community.
• This could be compared
to what social group
you ‘ROLL’ in.
• Are you the artist? The
jock? The cheerleader?
Animal Example:
• A Lion sleeps all day and
hunts in the evening
due to the heat
• Uses the grass to
camouflage itself while
hunting for antelope.
• A lion’s role is to be the
top predator.
Is it part of a Lion’s habitat or niche?
Food
Trees
Zebra
Sand
Grass
Wildebeast
Watering hole Temperature
Savanna
Other lions
Hunting behavior
Habitat
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Food
Trees
Zebra
Sand
Grass
Wildebeast
Watering hole
Temperature
Savanna
Other lions
Niche
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Food
Trees
Zebra
Sand
Grass
Wildebeast
Watering hole
Temperature
Savanna
Other lions
and Hunting
Behavior
Competitive Exclusion
A principle that states when two species are
competing for the same resources, one
species will be better adapted to the niche,
and the other will be pushed into another
niche or go extinct.
Two other results of competitive exclusion:
1.Niche partioning
2.Evolutionary Response – divergent
evolution
Compare gangs
Each gang has its own ‘niche’
– Some gangs may be into auto theft
– Others into dealing drugs, etc.
Consider a situation where two gangs in the
same area are both stealing cars.
If we use the competitive exclusion principle
two things could happen…
1. The gangs could become violent. The more
dominant gang will push the other gang to
‘extinction’
2. One gang may decide to take up another
branch crime to avoid directly competing
with the other gang.
This is similar to what niche partitioning and
evolutionary response are.
Question 3
Which of the following is NOT a result of
competitive exclusion?
A. Both species will happily coexist in the same
niche.
B. One species will die off.
C. One species will change its food type, habitat
and behavior.
D. One species will succeed over the other species.
Ecological Equivalents
A species that occupies a similar niche but lives
in different geographical regions.
Another Example
There are multiple gangs across the US and the
World.
A gang that deals drugs on the East Coast is an
ECOLOGICAL EQUIVALENT to a gang on the
West Coast who is also dealing drugs.
Both fill the same niche. Their niche is that they
work in a gang, and they deal drugs. They do
not have to have the same gang affiliation.
Question 4
In the case of the two types of frogs, which of
the following explains how the species
evolved into the same niche?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evolution
Divergent Evolution
Natural Selection
Mussels Wreaking Havoc in the
Colorado River
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Zebra Mussels (China)
Quagga Mussels (Ukraine)
Invasive Species
How did they get here?
Read the Article and answer the
following on your own paper.
(will be collected with other classwork on FRIDAY)
1. Are the zebra and quagga mussel ecological
equivalents? Explain!!
2. Is competitive exclusion at work between the
two species? If so, how?
3. What kind of damage do the quagga mussels
do?
4. How are people trying to manage this
problem?
5. What do you think should be done?
Exit Questions
What does the term ‘ecological equivalent’ describe?
A. Species that occupies the same niche in the same
community
B. Species that occupy similar niches in different
geographical regions
C. Species that occupy different niches in the same habitat
D. Species that occupy different niches in different
geographical regions
Exit Questions
Which is not part of an organism’s niche?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Food
Behavior
Abiotic Conditions
Population Size
Exit Questions
What is the habitat of a zebra?
A.
B.
C.
D.
African savannah
Tropical rain forest
Wetland
Mountainside
Exit Questions
What does the principle of competitive
exclusion state?
A. Two species cannot have the exact same habitat
B. If two species share the same niche, the ywill
both be equally adapted
C. Two species cannot have the exact same niche in
a community
D. If two species share the same niche, one will
become extinct
Exit Questions
Which of the following behaviors will not cause
competition between two bird species sharing
the same tree?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Eating different kinds of insects
Ieating the same insects at the same time
Eating insects from different parts of the tree
Eating at different times of day
Please put your name and date
on this paper and keep it until
FRIDAY!
Thank you 