Transcript Organisms that eat only other animals

Ecology and our World
Ecology
The study of interactions between
living things and their environment
Levels in Ecology
1. Individual A single member of a
species
2. Population A group of individuals
of a species.
3. Community Several species in an
area.
4. Ecosystem Living and nonliving
things in an area
5. Biosphere All the biomes
How do organisms interact?
Producers - organisms that
produce their own
energy, and are
food for other
organisms.
They are also called
autotrophs
Consumers - organisms that
have to eat other
organisms for
their energy
They are also called
heterotrophs
Consumers come in a wide variety
Herbivores
- Organisms that eat
only plant material.
Carnivores - Organisms that eat
only other animals.
Omnivores - Organisms that eat
both plant and animal.
Detrivores
- Organisms that
eat “dead matter”
Decomposers - Organisms that break
down organic matter
Who eats who?
Food Chain - a series of steps showing which organisms
eat which. (transfer energy)
Food Web
- a chart linking all
food webs in a
particular area
Another way to show relationships
Ecological Pyramids
Biomass Pyramid
- each level in the
pyramid shows the total
amount of organisms in
the level
Numbers Pyramid
- each level shows the
numbers of individuals
in the pyramid
Energy Pyramid
- each transition shows the
amount of loss of energy
from one level to the next.
90% of energy
is lost to heat
from one level to
the next.
Only 10% of your food is actually incorporated into
making you!
Cycles in Nature
Water Cycle - shows the different stages that water goes
through in ecology
Carbon Cycle
- the carbon that makes you and all other
living (and many non living) things is
shown moving through the environment.
Nitrogen Cycle - All organisms require nitrogen. This cycle
shows how it moves through the environment.
Daily Assignment:
Define:
1. Condensation
4. Evaporation
7. Nitrogen Fixation
10. Consumer
13. Heterotroph
2. Precipitation
5. Percolation
8. Denitrification
11. Producer
14. Biomass
3. Transpiration
6. Runoff
9. Trophic Level
12. Autotroph
15. Chemosynthesis
Questions from the book:
Section 3-1 section assessment question #1
pg. 65
Section 3-2 section assessment questions # 1-4
pg. 73
Section 3-3 section assessment questions #1-3 & 5
pg.80
How do individuals interact in an environment?
The environment contains two different things:
1. Biotic Factors
All living organisms
2. Abiotic Factors
All non-living things
Biotic factors in the environment interact in many ways
Competition
When groups are
using limited
resources Situation
leaves winners and
losers.
Predation
When one organism
feeds on another
They can form a symbiotic relationship
(three different types)
1. Mutualism
Both individuals
benefit.
2. Commensalism
One is helped, one is
neither helped or harmed.
3. Parasitism
One is helped, the other is
harmed.
How are new environments created?
New land formation happens
due to natural occurrences.
Volcanoes
Tsunamis
But what happens when the world gets back to normal?
After the new land is created,
Succession takes place.
Primary succession:
- (pioneer species) begin to
colonize the newly formed
land. These are smaller
plants and grasses, then
trees.
Secondary succession:
-happens only when one type
of plant replaces another
type
Ex. Trees taking over a
meadow.
Biomes:
Def: a large area that is characterized by certain
soil, climate. plants, and animals.
Daily Assignment:
Define:
1. Niche
2. Resource
3. Competitive Exclusion
principle
4. Symbiosis
5. Pioneer species
6. Tolerance
7. Microclimate
Questions from the book:
Section 4-1 section assessment questions #1- 4
pg. 89
Section 4-2 section assessment questions # 1-4
pg. 97
Section 4-3 section assessment questions #1-3 & 5 pg 105