Transcript Ecology notes - Sterlingmontessoriscience

ECOLOGY
Ecology
Ecology
Ecology
ECOLOGY
Ecology comes from the Greek
words OIKOS (place where
one lives) and LOGOS (study of).
Then Ecology means to study the
place in which we live.
Ecology specifically means:
The study of interactions
between organisms and the
nonliving components of
their environment.
Key Theme of Ecology
►Interconnectedness
is isolated.
►An
– No organism
organisms survival depends on
the interactions with other
organisms in their surroundings
and with the nonliving components
of the environment.
Example of
Interconnectedness
Two Parts of the
Environment
Biotic
= all living things that affect
an organism in its environment.
Abiotic
= nonliving factors (water,
soil, etc.)
What biotic and abiotic factors are
present in this pond ecosystem?
A
pond has plants, algae, insects,
bacteria, and fish (biotic). It also has
nonliving components such as oxygen,
carbon dioxide, nitrogen, soil, and
sunlight
(abiotic).
Levels of Environmental
Organization
(from complex to simple)
Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
What is a Biosphere?
The
broadest, most inclusive
level of organization.
All
organisms are
found within the
biosphere
What is a Biome?
 An
area or region of the world that has a
particular climate.
 For example: specific types of plants like in
the desert or in the rainforest.
A rainforest makes up a
biome.
What is an Ecosystem?
An
ecosystem includes all living
organisms and all nonliving
things in one
particular place.
Two Types of Ecosystems
►Terrestrial Biomes - Land
 Tundra, Taiga, Deciduous Forest,
Temperate grassland, Desert, Savanna,
Tropical rainforest
►Aquatic Zones - Water
 Ocean, Freshwater
What is a Community?
 All
the interacting organisms living in
one area.
 Example: All the fish, turtles, plants,
algae, and bacteria living in the pond.
What is a Population?
Includes
all the
members of a
single species
that live in one
place.
Example: A
school of fish
Populations cannot grow nonstop
because the environment contains
limited resources known as limiting
factors.
The largest population that an
environment can
support is known
as the carrying
capacity.
What is an Organism?
An organism is the simplest, least
complicated level of organization
in our environment.
Examples: A single
fish or a single
individual.
Two Main Types of Species
Interactions
Predation
Predator
Prey
Symbiotic
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
Predator and Prey
 The
 The
organism that is eaten is the prey.
organism that does the eating is the
predator.
Three Types of
Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism –one organism benefits
while the other is harmed.
Mutualism - both organisms benefit.
Commensalism – one organism
benefits and the other is unaffected.
Parasitism
The tapeworm attaches
to human intestine and
feeds off our digested
nutrients. The worm
benefits while the person
is harmed.
 The worm is the parasite
and the person is the host.
Mutualism
 The
sea anemone and the clownfish.. The
fish uses the anemone for protection, and
in return, the fish brings scraps of food to
the anemone and
lures larger fish
into the anemone’s
tentacles.
 Both benefit.
Commensalism
 The
egret rides on the buffalo back
feeding on small animals such as insects
and lizards that are forced out of hiding
as the buffalo moves
through the grass.
 One benefits, one
does not care.