Transcript Ecology- Relationships (website).

Ecology
• The study of interactions that occur among
organisms and their environments
Quick Review...
Food Chain: The ways in which the
organisms in an ecosystem interact with
one another according to what they eat.
(simple)
Food Web: a model that shows all the
possible feeding relationships instead of
just one like a food chain. A food web is
made up of many food chains.
Energy Pyramids…
• As you move up a food chain the
avaliable energy decreases
• As you move up a food pyramid
the amount of orgainisms
decreases.
Producers…
• A producer is an organism the
• uses the sun to make its
• own energy.
• Producers are green plants
• All food chains or webs begin with
green plants.
Consumer…
• A consumer is an
organism that cannot
make its own energy.
• Consumers obtain
energy by eating
other organisms.
Decomposer…
• A decomposer
breaks down
dead material
Symbiotic
Relationships
Not all relationships
among
organisms involve food. Many
organisms live together and share
resources in other ways. Any close
relationship between species is
called symbiosis.
Symbiosis occurs when
two species live together in
All living things have the same
basic
requirements...
Food/Nutrition
Shelter/Living space
Safety
In a symbiotic relationship at least
one of the organisms involved is
meeting one of the basic needs for
living through the relationship.
a symbiotic relationship
Mutualism...
in which
• both participating
species benefit.
• Example: Ant & Aphid
+ ant gets nutrition from
the aphid’s
honeydew- a sugary
secreation from
• the aphid’s body
+aphid gets protection
•Some other
examples
of
Mutualism...
mutualism:
•The ostrich and
gazelle feed next
to each other.
Both watch for
predators and alert
each other to
danger. They each
A symbiotic relationship
Commensalism...
is which one organism
benefits and the other is
neither harmed nor
helped.
Example: Epiphytes
also know as “air
plants” live on the bark
of trees.
+ the epiphyte gets
space to live
0 the tree is not harmed
Commensalism...
Another example of
commensalism:
Clown Fish and Sea
Anemones
The sea anemones have
tubelike tentacles the contain
a mild poison that can kill
small fish. The clown fish can
swim among the tentacles
without being harmed.
The anemones tentacles
protect the clown fish from
predators.
So in this relationship the
Parasitism...
A symbiotic relationship
in which one organism
benefits but the other is
harmed.
Example: Tape worm
+ the tape worm lives
inside the animals
intestines and gets
shelter and food
- the animal loses
nutrition, may lose
weight, and become ill
Predator/ Prey …
• This is a
relationship were
the predator hunts
the prey.
• + the predator gets
food, energy, and
nutrients
• - the prey is hurt or
killed
Competition…
• Where two
organisms
compete for the
same resource or
food
• The following slides have
examples of different types
of relationships in the
environment. Your job is to
decide which type of
relationship each example
is. Use the white boards to
write your answers. When
the time is up hold up your
Pseudoscorpion and Beetle
• Commenslis
m
Pseudoscorpions are scropion like animals have pincers
(chlicera) like scorpions, but lack a sting. A few species of
pseudoscorpions disperse by concealing themselves under
the wing covers (elyatra) of large beetles such as the
cerambycid beetle.
The pseudoscorpions gain the advantage of being dispersed
over wide areas while simulataneously being protected from
predators.
Flea and Dog
»Parasitism
the flea gets a home and food
the dog is harmed because the flea feeds on its
blood
Deer and Moose
»Competition
both are fighting over grass and food
Owl and
Mouse
Predator/
Prey
Relationship
The owl hunts the mouse
The mouse runs and hides from the owl
Squirrel and Oak Tree
•Commensalis
m
Squirrel gets a place to live
Oak tree is not harmed because it does not
lose any nutrients
Crocodile and Bird
• Mutualism
Crocodile appreciates the dental work and
teeth cleaning
Bird is a plover and it flies into the mouth
of the crocodile and feeds on bits of
decaying meat stuck to the croc’s teeth.
Sharks and Seals
• Predator /
Prey
relationship
• Shark hunts the seal
• Seal tries to hide from the shark
Roundworm
• Parasitism
Round worm gets food and nutrients form
pets intestines
Pet gets sick and could even die
Turkey and Cardnial
• Competition
• Turkey and Cardinal compete for seeds
and food
Barnacles and Shell
•Commensalism
• Barnacles attach to rocks, ships, shells,
whales, and just about anywhere else
they can gain a foothold.
• The barnacle gains a place to live.
• The shell is not harmed or bothered.