Transcript What is ecology?

What is
Ecology?
S7L4
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Organisms
and Their
Environment
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What is Ecology??
• The study of interactions that
take place between organisms
and their environment.
• It explains how living
organisms affect each other
and the world they live in.
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Habitat & Niche
• Habitat is the
place a plant or
animal lives
• Niche is an
organism’s total
way of life
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The Nonliving Environment
• Abiotic factors- the
nonliving parts of an
organism’s environment.
• Examples include air
currents, temperature,
moisture, light, and soil.
• Abiotic factors affect an
organism’s life.
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The Living Environment
• Biotic factors- all the
living organisms that
inhabit an environment.
• All organisms depend on
others directly or
indirectly for food,
shelter, reproduction, or
protection.
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Abiotic or Biotic?
Biotic
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Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic
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Abiotic or Biotic?
Abiotic
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Abiotic or Biotic?
Biotic
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Levels of
Organization
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Levels of Organization
• Ecologists have organized the
interactions an organism takes
part in into different levels
according to complexity.
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1st Level of Organization
• Organism:
An individual
living thing that
is made of cells,
uses energy,
reproduces,
responds, grows,
and develops
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2nd Level of Organization
• Population:
A group of
organisms, all
of the same
species, which
interbreed and
live in the
same place at
the same time.
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Population
*Limiting Factor:
Any Factor that
can restrict
population growth:
Ex: food, fresh
water, habitat,
hunting, predation,
etc.
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Population
• Carrying
Capacity: The
maximum number
of individuals of a
species that an
ecosystem can
support.
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3rd Level of Organization
• Biological
Community:
All the
populations of
different
species that
live in the same
place at the
same time.
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4th Level of Organization
• Ecosystem:
Populations of plants
and animals that
interact with each
other in a given
area with the
abiotic components
of that area.
(terrestrial or
aquatic)
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5th Level of Organization
• Biosphere:
The
portion of
Earth that
supports
life.
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The Biosphere
• Life is found in air, on
land, and in fresh and salt
water.
• The BIOSPHERE is the
portion of Earth that
supports living things.
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What level of organization?
Organism
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What level of Organization?
Community
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What level of Organization?
Population
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S7L4 D
Categorize
Relationships that are
competitive or mutually
beneficial
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Interactions within
Communities
obtaining energy
• Carnivore: Type of consumer that
eats other animals
• Herbivore: Type of consumer that
eats plants.
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Interactions within
Communities
obtaining energy
• Omnivore: Type of consumer that eats
plants and other animals.
• Decomposer: Type of consumer that
gets energy by breaking down dead
organisms
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Relationships
Symbiosis:
Close relationship between organisms
of different species
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Relationships
Mutualism: Symbiotic relationship
where both organisms benefit
(+,+)
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Relationships
Parasitism:
Symbiotic relationship where one
species benefits, and the other species
is harmed (+,-)
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Relationships
Commensalism:
Symbiotic Relationship where one
species benefits and the other is
unaffected (+,0)
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• Predator/Prey: The predator is the
hunter, the prey is the hunted
• Cooperation: Organisms of the same
species “working together”. Ex. A
Pride of lions hunting gazelle
• Competition: Organisms competing
to try to obtain the same resource
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Relationships
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