Transcript Species Power Point Grant Yurisic

Invasive, Endangered, and
Reintroduced Species of
Pennsylvania
By: Grant James Yurisic
Endangered Species
An endangered species is a population
of organisms at risk of becoming extinct.
There are many reasons that cause
endangerment, but five of the most
common are habitat loss, pollution,
disease, predation, and competition from
other species.
What can we do to prevent
endangerment?
There are many ways
endangerment can be stopped. We
can recycle, limit deforestation and
the introduction of new species, and
lower the amount of pesticides and
herbicides used.
Northern Brook
Lamprey, Ichthyomyzon fossor
The Northern Brook Lamprey is fairly unique in the fact that it is not
parasitic. It lives in the Great Lakes region. There are actually a plethora of
reasons for it being endangered. Pollution, water levels, and water temperature
are all contributing factors. Another reason is the use of lampricide to manage
the amount of invasive Sea Lamprey has caused the populations of Northern
Brook Lamprey to decrease as well.
The Blue-spotted Salamander,
Ambystoma laterale
The blue-spotted
salamander lives in vernal
pools during the breeding
season, but it lives in the
forest in underground tunnels
by mammals during the rest
of the year. Both of these
habitats are suffering from
habitat fragmentation.
Habitat fragmentation is the
lowering of the amount of
useful space for a species.
Northern Redbelly Dace,
Phoxinus eos
The Northern Redbelly Dace is generally found in boggy lakes
and streams. The exact cause of its endangerment in unknown, but
some believe sedimentation, flow alteration, and erosion are causes.
American Lotus,
Nelumbo lutea (Willd.)
A reason for the American
Lotus being endangered
actually lies in its process
of reproduction. A seed
may stay dormant for
many years until the
conditions for germination
are met. When it does
germinate it sends out
roots that grow into exact
copies. They are
genetically identical. This
decreases the genetic
diversity of the American
Lotus and its odds of
surviving.
American Columbo,
Frasera caroliniensis
Loss of habitat
and foreign
invasive species
are two large
causes for the
American
Columbo to be
endangered.
Native Species
A native species is a species
that typically flourishes in a
certain ecosystem.
Introduced vs. Invasive
An introduced species is when the species
is living in a non-native habitat and was put
there by humans.
A species is considered invasive when they
aren’t native and cause harm to the
ecosystem they are brought into.
Ways Invasive Species are Introduced
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Fish Stocking
Pest Control
Opening Waterways
Use of Live Bait
Ornamental Plants
Negative Affects of Invasive Species
• Lower population sizes of other species.
• Damage crops.
• Use resources that were used by the native
species.
• Change genetic make ups of native species by
breeding with the.
Zebra Mussel,
Dreissena polymorpha
The Zebra Mussel came to the
United States in 1986 through
ballast water. Zebra Mussels
act as food for birds and fish
and purify the water in their
native environment. They
overpopulate in their
introduced environment due
to their lack They also and
cleanse water They can clog
pipes and group themselves
on top of other native clams
and mussels.
Northern Snakehead,
Channa argus
The Northern Snakehead
originated from China, Russia,
and Korea. Northern Snakeheads
are high-level predators. They
adapted to the changes in season
in their native habitat of China by
being able to travel on land by
squirming. The Northern
Snakehead can live for four days
out of water, and it can even live
longer if it is encased in mud. This
allows it to survive in North
America and annihilate native
populations. They also compete
with native species for food.
Bighead Carp,
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
The Bighead Carp was introduced to the United States to
maintain the balance of algae in water treatment plants. Some Bighead
Carp managed to escape to the Mississippi during floods in the 1980s.
They are able to eat large amounts of food and reproduce successfully.
They are a top predator in their native environment. Bighead Carps
compete with native species by eating plankton and vegetation in their
introduced environment. They can disrupt the homeostasis of an
ecosystem by eliminating a species and decreasing the biodiversity.
Norway Maple,
Acer platanoides L.
The Norway
Maple is the most
extensive maple in
Europe and was first
introduced to
America in 1756.
Norway Maples are
used for landscaping
and wood. They are
suited for a plethora
of soil conditions.
They have a high
shade tolerance and
compete with native
maples and decrease
the biodiversity.
Japanese Honeysuckle,
Lonicera japonica Thunb.
The Japanese Honeysuckle was brought
to America from Asia, primarily Japan and
Korea. They provide nectar for insects and
hummingbirds and shelter for animals in their
native enviroment. Japanese Honeysuckles
have few enemies and are able to grow and
spread quickly in their introduced
environment. They can outdo other plants
and block sunlight, and they can also actually
constrict young trees and prevent the flow of
water.
Reintroduced and Extirpated Species
Extirpated Species– An extirpated species is
when a species ceases to exist in a certain
location but still exists somewhere else. This is
also known as local extinction.
Reintroduced Species– A species that is
reintroduced is when it is released into the
wild on purpose, but it had previously lived in
the area it is being released into.
American Elk, Cervus elaphus
American Elk were reintroduced to
Pennsylvania during 1999 relocation project.
Works Cited
http://animals.about.com/od/wildlifeconservation/tp/helping_endangered_species.htm - Protecting Wildlife
http://library.thinkquest.org/5736/causes.htm -- What Causes an animal to become threatened or endangered?
http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/058/chapter75/s75.1.html - Endangered Species
http://www.conservewildlifenj.org/downloads/cwnj_43.pdf - Endangered Species Spotlight
http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/species_info/nhfacts/phoxinus_eos.pdf - Northern Redbelly Dace
http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/species-especes/lamprey-lamproie-eng.htm - The Northern Brook Lamprey
http://plants.usda.gov/java/threat?txtparm=&category=sciname&familycategory=all&duration=all&growthhabit=all&w
etland=all&statefed=statelist&stateSelect=US42&sort=comname&submit.x=53&submit.y=9 – Protected Plants for
All Scientific Names
http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Plants_Wildlife/rte/rteamericanlotus.asp - American Lotus
http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-457-2006E.pdf - Status Report on the American Columbo
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/es_map/articles/article_66.mhtml - Pennsylvania's Elk Herd Growing
http://www.allwords.com/word-native+species.html – Native Species Definition
http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_invasive.html - General Information on Invasive Species
http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Biodiversity/2ColumnSubPage/STEL02_167289.html - How Invasive Species are
Introduced and Spread
http://www.esa.org/education/edupdfs/invasion.pdf - Invasion
http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/invasivetutorial/List.htm - Invasive Exotic Plants in Pennsylvania List
http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/japanese_honeysuckle.htm - Japanese Honeysuckle
http://www.fish.state.pa.us/ais.htm - Aquatic Invasive Species
http://seagrant.psu.edu/publications/posters/supertramps/smallcolor/zebramussel.PDF - Zebra Mussel