Transcript Ecology Test Review - DanaFrank

Ecology Test Review
By harel and alex (:
Define & give examples
• Autotroph
• Heterotroph
• Producer
• Consumer
• Decomposer
Define & give examples
• Autotroph
Producers that make their own food
• Heterotroph
Consumers and decomposers
• Producer make their own food
• Consumer eat other organisms for food
• Decomposer break down dead organisms for food
Label the parts of the food chain
Label the parts of the food chain
Use the food web to find:
• 2 autotrophs
• 2 heterotrophs
• Consumer
• Herbivore
• Carnivore
Use the food web to find:
• 2 autotrophs
Grass, shrub, tree
• 2 heterotrophs
Fungi, squirrel, grasshopper, rabbit,
shrew, deer, mountain lion
• Consumer
Squirrel, shrew, grass hopper, deer, etc
• Herbivore
Deer, rabbit, grasshopper
• Carnivore
Bird, snake, shrew, hawk, lion,
Use the food web to find:
• If 30,000 kcal of energy
is in the shrub, how
much is available to the
mountain lion?
To the hawk?
Use the food web to find:
• If 30,000 kcal of energy
is in the shrub, how
much is available to the
mountain lion?
3 kcal
300 kcal
• To the hawk?
30 kcal
300 kcal
Use the food web to find:
• What level consumer is
the grasshopper
• What level consumer is
the hawk
Use the food web to find:
•
What level consumer is the
grasshopper
1st level consumer
•
What level consumer is the
hawk
2nd level consumer (thru squirrel)
3rd level consumer(grasshoppershrew)
Use the food web to find:
• What do the arrows in
the food web represent
• Describe two
competition
relationships in the
ecosystem
• What is the source of
energy in the food web?
Use the food web to find:
•
What do the arrows in the food
web represent
Movement of energy
• Describe two competition
relationships in the ecosystem
Rabbit and grasshopper compete
for grass
Snake and hawk compete for shrew
• What is the source of energy in
the food web?
SUN
• What is the difference between the energy
moves in the food web and the way matter
moves in the food web
• What is the difference between the energy
moves in the food web and the way matter
moves in the food web
Energy moves in one direction and is not
recycled
Matter is recycled.
Video analysis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6cgjfxWG-8
Identify:
Abiotic factor
Biotic factor
Predator
Prey
Heterotroph
Herbivore
Carnivore
cooperation
producer
consumer
population (specific)
community (specific)
primary consumer
secondary consumer
Video analysis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6cgjfxWG-8
Identify:
Abiotic factor
cooperation:
cheetahs hunting together
Anything nonliving: temp
Rainfall, soil content
producer:
grasses, trees
Biotic factor
Anything living: grass, cheetah
Zebra, bird
Predator cheetah
Prey: zebra
Heterotroph: zebra, bird, cheetah
Herbivore: zebra
Carnivore: cheetah
consumer: zebra, cheetah, bird
population (specific): herd of zebra, field of grasses, pack of cheetah
community (specific):
all the grass, trees, zebra, cheetah, bird
primary consumer: zebra
secondary consumer: cheetah
• Create a food chain using the video
• Identify the niche of the cheetah
• Create a food chain using the video
greas  zebra  cheetah
• Identify the niche of the cheetah
Cheetah is consumer. It is also a top predator. It
eats zebra, hunts in a group, and runs down its
prey in an open area. It lives in grasslands
What is the relationship between
Aquatic and Terrestrial food webs?
How do pollutants move through
a food web?
What is the relationship between
Aquatic and Terrestrial food webs?
Aquatic and terrestrial food webs
Connected. Some terrestrial organisms
eat organisms that live in aquatic
Ecosystems (bears eat salmon).
Some aquatic organisms eat
organisms that live in terrestrial
ecosystems (fish eat flying insects)
How do pollutants move through
a food web?
Toxins increase in concentration as
You move up a food chain/web. At
each level the consumer gets a bigger
dose with each meal. This is
Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
N & C cycles
•
•
•
•
Organism vital to the nitrogen cycle
Why do we need nitrogen?
How to we get it?
Can you recreate it generally?
N & C cycles
•
•
•
•
Organism vital to the nitrogen cycle bacteria
Why do we need nitrogen? Proteins and DNA
How to we get it? Consuming other organisms
Can you recreate it generally?
Nitrogen is removed from the air (you can’s use it in that form)
by bacteria…Fixing. Nitrogen compounds are changed to a
useable form for plants by bacteria…nitrification. Other
animals get nitrogen by consuming. Nitrogen is returned to
N₂ gas by bacteria…denitrification
N & C cycles
• Abiotic source of carbon?
• How does it move from abiotic into living
organisms?
• Processes that return carbon to abiotic
environment
N & C cycles
• Abiotic source of carbon? CO₂ in the air
• How does it move from abiotic into living
organisms? Plants move it into living
organisms through photosynthesis
CO ₂ + H ₂O  C₂H₁₂O₆ + O₂
• Processes that return carbon to abiotic
environment combustion, respiration,
decomposition
Define these relationships
•
•
•
•
Competition
Cooperation
Predator/prey
symbiosis
Define these relationships
• Competition organisms (can be the same or different
species) that both need the same LIMITED resource
(food, shelter, mates, space)
• Cooperation organisms of the same species that
work together for the same purpose. Ex: are colony
organisms like ants/termites/beavers, animals that
hunt together
• Predator/prey one organisms hunts and kills another for
food
• Symbiosis
two organisms that are DIFFERENT species that
live together in a close relationship. At least one of the
organisms benefits from the relationship
Symbiotic relationships
Mutualism
Parasitism
Symbiotic relationships
Mutualism
Symbiotic relationship in which both organisms
benefit
Parasitism
Symbiotic relationship in which one organism
benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)
• Clownfish are frequently
found in the tentacles of sea
anemones. Sea anemones
capture their prey by
paralyzing them with their
tentacles. However, the
clownfish produces a mucus
that prevents the tentacles
from harming it. By dwelling
amongst the tentacles the
clownfish receives a
protected home. This
relationship is an example of
…
• Clownfish are frequently
found in the tentacles of sea
anemones. Sea anemones
capture their prey by
paralyzing them with their
tentacles. However, the
clownfish produces a mucus
that prevents the tentacles
from harming it. By dwelling
amongst the tentacles the
clownfish receives a
protected home. This
relationship is an example of
…
Symbiotic Mutualism
• Lampreys are
primitive fish with
limited digestive
systems. They attach
to and feed on the
body fluids of fish
with more advanced
digestive systems,
often leading to the
death of the host
fish. This
relationship is an
example of…
• Lampreys are
primitive fish with
limited digestive
systems. They attach
to and feed on the
body fluids of fish
with more advanced
digestive systems,
often leading to the
death of the host
fish. This
relationship is an
example of…
Symbiotic parasitism
Farmers and gardeners need to
properly space plants so they can
all grow successfully
Farmers and gardeners need to
properly space plants so they can
all grow successfully
competition
Termites live in colonies.
They have several roles within the colony
some tend to the queen, some
care for eggs, some scavenge for food and water
Termites live in colonies.
They have several roles within the colony
some tend to the queen, some
care for eggs, some scavenge for food and water
cooperation
• What is the difference between predation and
parasitism?
• What is the difference between predation and
parasitism?
In predation one organism is purposely killed for
food.
In parasitism the host is HARMED because it is
USED. The purpose of parasitism is NOT to kill
the host.