Transcript 5 Kingdoms - WEB . WHRSD . ORG

on Coastal Areas
http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/school/schoolGraphics/sf07_samplechapter_topic2.pdf
Do humans affect coastal ecology?
http://biodiv.sinica.edu.tw/~chankk/phot
o-gallery.htm
Local Harbors and Bays are impacted!
Cohasset Harbor
Green Harbor
Buzzard’s Bay
Boston Harbor
Waquoit Bay
Name some ways
in which humans
affect coastal
areas.
Developments Along the Coast
http://wrc.iewatershed.com/index.php?pagename=education_about_09
How Trash Effects Wildlife
http://www.farallones.org/e_newsletter/2006-08/marinedebris.htm
What is Marine
Debris?
Marine debris is the
solid human made
rubbish that is
discarded at sea or
ends up in the sea
after being disposed
Click Below for a Slideshow:
of on land.
http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdf/Marine%20Deb
ris%20in%20GOM.pdf
http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/environment/waste/publications/pdf/Factsheets_Marine_Debris.pdf
There are many ways
that rubbish can enter
the sea, including:
•dumping of garbage
at sea by ships,
fishing boats and
pleasure craft.
•deliberate
discarding and
accidental loss of
fishing nets at sea.
Click Below for a
Slideshow:
http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdf/Marine%20Deb
ris%20in%20GOM.pdf
Also:
 Litter left on beaches
by picnickers.
Escape of litter from
coastal rubbish dumps.
Drains and sewage
systems that empty
into the sea.
Click Below for a
Slideshow:
http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdf/Marine%20Deb
ris%20in%20GOM.pdf
Sewage- The waste matter that
passes through sewers.
•Pathogens are found in raw sewage, its a diseasecausing viruses and bacteria. It can cause serious
health threats to people and animals, that’s why its
unsafe to go swimming, boating, and shell fishing.
http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/
EffluentFlowing out or
forth; refers to
liquid waste
which comes
from sewage
treatment plants.
Boston Harbor Data 1990-2005
Bacteria
-Fecal
coliform
-E. coli
-Enterococcus
Nutrients & Algae
-Chlorophyll
Physical
Measurements
-Temperature
Water Clarity
-Phaeophytin
-Salinity
-Total suspended
solids
-Dissolved inorganic
nutrients
-pH
-Secchi disk depth
-Dissolved oxygen
http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/harbor/html/bh_wq.htm
Eutrophication - Caused by the
increase in an ecosystem of chemical
nutrients, typically compounds
containing nitrogen or phosphorus.
Algae Bloom- A relatively rapid increase in
the population of (usually) phytoplankton
algae in an aquatic system.
http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/environconcerns/hab/
Activities http://www.bigelow.org/edhab/
Red Tide - caused by a population
explosion of dinoflagellates.
http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/shellfish/Biotoxins/PSP_e.htm
Some dinoflagellates give off a
poison as a waste product.
http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/shellfish/Biotoxins/PSP_e.htm
Shellfish beds closed
http://www.buzzardsbay.org/shellfish.htm
http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/env_facts/overfishing.html
Bycatch- Unwanted marine
creatures that are caught in the
nets while fishing for another
species.
Shrimping Bycatch
http://marinebio.org/i/bycatch.jpg
•Ghost fishing is the term used for lost or abandoned
fishing gear that continues to catch fish or anything else
that goes into the net. It is environmentally deleterious
and the fish caught is wasted.
http://www.oceansatlas.org/world_fisheries_and_aquaculture/html/issues/ecosys/gearloss/ghost_fishing.htm
Entanglement and Ingestion
Ingestion
Marine species confuse plastic bags, rubber,
balloons and confectionery wrappers with prey
and ingest them. The debris usually causes a
physical blockage in the digestive system, leading
to painful internal injuries.
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/ktp/marine-debris.html
Entanglement
Entanglement in marine debris can cause
restricted mobility, starvation, infection,
amputation, drowning and smothering.
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threa
tened/ktp/marine-debris.html
Entanglement and Ingestion
X-ray of turtles being treated at a clinic in
Florida yielded contents in just one turtle
that were found to be balloons and a fastfood latex glove.
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threa
tened/ktp/marine-debris.html
Invasive Species- A species is regarded as invasive if it
has been introduced by human action to a location, area,
or region where it did not previously occur naturally.
http://www.diversitas-international.org/cross_invasive.html
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/invasives/
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Phragmites_australis.html#Description
Hemigrapsus sanguineus –
Asian Shore Crab
http://cars.er.usgs.gov/Nonindigenous_Species/Asian_shore_crab/asian_shore_crab.html
Sustainability refers to the potential longevity
of vital human ecological support systems.
http://www.wairc.govt.nz/enviroinfo/indicators/community/sustainability/images/sustainability.gif
Sustainable means that something can
continue indefinitely without running out of
materials or energy.
http://www.wairc.govt.nz/enviroinfo/indicators/community/sustainability/images/sustainability.gif
Why do we care about having sustainable
ecosystems?
http://www.wairc.govt.nz/enviroinfo/indicators/community/sustainability/images/sustainability.gif
http://www.mos.org/oceans/scientist/submersibles.html
People use submersibles to study
underwater environments
http://www.mos.org/oceans/scientist/submersibles.html
YOU can make a difference!
Protect Massachusetts waterways.
Get involved.
Every little bit helps!!