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MSFD Annex III review
European Commission
DG Environment Unit C.2
Marine Environment and Water Industry
WG DIKE
29-30 September 2014, Brussels
Mandate for review of MSFD Annex III
1. 1. Define role of Annex III:
•
•
•
•
Elements for assessment (Art. 8) with regard to GES (Art 9);
Elements for monitoring (Art 11) - supportive for the purpose of
assessment (e.g. temperature, salinity);
Define whether the elements are of indicative nature (as relevant to MS
waters) and whether generic or specific (e.g. 'hazardous substances' or
'specified list of Priority substances').
2. Content of Tables 1 and 2
•
Distinguish better between State and Pressure lists (e.g. chemicals, NIS from
Table 1 as pressures);
•
Define the need for current 'additional' texts, the need for some elements (e.g.
features and characteristics) and possible need for new elements;
•
Define relationship to art 8, 9, and 10.
•
Explore the possibility to introduce new standards, criteria and indicators for
cumulative effects.
•
3. Consider the need for a Table of human activities, to provide a
framework for the collection of information and/or monitoring with respect
to Art. 8.1c and Art. 11.
Specific references to MSFD Annex III
1. Article 8 – initial assessment
a.
b.
analysis of the essential features and characteristics, and current environmental
status of those waters, based on the indicative lists of elements in Table 1
analysis of the predominant pressures and impacts, including human activity, based
on the indicative lists of elements in Table 2
2. Article 9 – determination of GES
a.
b.
take into account the indicative lists of elements set out in Table 1
take into account the pressures or impacts of human activities in each marine
region or subregion, having regard to the indicative lists set out in Table 2
3. Article 10 – environmental targets
a.
taking into account the indicative lists of pressures and impacts set out in
Table 2
4. Article 11 – monitoring programmes
a.
b.
c.
on the basis of the indicative lists of elements set out in Annex III
Annex V.1 - in accordance with Annex III
Annex V.12 - Need to address, as part of the initial assessment provided for in
Article 8, the relevant elements listed in Annex III including their natural
variability
Nature of Annex III
• Table 1
• Provides an indicative list of physical, chemical
and biological (species, habitats) 'state' elements
• Some additional 'pressure' elements (chemicals,
NIS, pCO2-acidification)
• Criteria for selection of specific elements (e.g.
'recognised under Community legislation', subject
to intense pressures')
• Adds details on how to treat some elements
(description, mapping, annual/seasonal
variability)
Nature of Annex III
• Table 2
• Provides an indicative list of 'pressure' elements
(coarse/fine typology)
• Most have selected examples of relevant human
activities
• 'impacts' are mentioned once (‘impact on the
seabed of commercial fishing, boating,
anchoring’), but few types of impact are given
Conclusions on analysis of Annex III
1. Annex III provides lists of ‘elements’:

features, pressures, impacts and human activities
a. Elements are to be used for:
 Initial assessment (Art. 8), determining GES (Art. 9),
setting of targets (Art. 10), monitoring programmes
(Art. 11).
 Elements are ‘indicative’
 Not all relevant to every (sub)region or MS
 Could be additional elements
 Any revision of Annex III needs to:
 Clearly relate Annex III to Annex I, Art. 8 and a
revised GES Decision
 Improve/clarify its content (Table 1-2; links to uses)
MSFD provision
Role/contents
Applied example
Art. 3 (5)
GES definition
Goal
GES by 2020: “the environmental status of
marine waters where … ”
Annex I
GES descriptor
Quality objective
D1: “Biological diversity is maintained. The
quality and occurrence of …”
Annex III
GES elements
Assessment elements
Birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, seabed
habitats, pelagic habitats
Art. 9(3)
GES criteria and
methodological
standards
Art. 9(1)
Determination of
GES
EU-wide minimum requirements:
Criteria:
a. Assessment elements
b. Assessment parameters
c. Reference points (baseline and GES
boundary values)
Methodological standards:
a. Assessment tools and procedures
b. Assessment scale (generic)
OR
Normative/qualitative definition of “good”
environmental status
Example: Mammals
a.
List of mammal functional groups
(e.g. seals, small cetaceans)
b.
Distribution, population size, health
condition
c.
Reference condition and acceptable
deviation values (cf FCS target levels
of Habitats Directive)
d. FCS aggregation procedures/methods
e. Cetaceans at subregional scale; seals
at subdivision scale (nested approach)
Sub(regional) requirements by MS:
Example: North-East Atlantic
a. Further specify criteria and
methodological standards (e.g. RSC
region/subregion-specific assessment
elements, common indicators and
assessment tools)
b. Additional characteristics for
region/subregion
a. Harbour seal, grey seal
b. OSPAR common indicators:
• M-1 Distribution of seals
• M-3 Abundance of seals
• M-5 Seal pup production
c. OSPAR-defined subdivisions of
subregions (nested approach)
Art. 11(4) – Specifications and standardised methods for monitoring and assessment: e.g. EU-wide minimum
requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of monitoring, monitoring methods (sampling, analysis, QA/QC), scaling,
aggregation rules
Articulating roles and relationships
a. Proposed role for Annex III:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Elements for assessment (Art. 8) with regard to GES (Art 9)
Elements for monitoring (Art 11) – complimentary/additional to
assessment elements (e.g. temperature, salinity)
Elements for consideration when setting targets (Art. 10)
Relevance will vary by region/MS (i.e. elements need to be present in MS
waters)
b. Links to Art. 9(3) Decision
EU-wide specification of criteria and methodological standards:
i. Assessment elements (based on Annex III)
ii. Assessment parameters (e.g. for impacts)
c. Links to Art. 9(1) Determination of GES
•
(Sub)regional specification by MS of:
i. Assessment elements (characteristics)
ii. Assessment methods (e.g. RSC indicators)
Indicative list of pressures
• Reviewed:
•
•
•
•
MSFD Annex III Table 2
WFD – 2014 reporting guidance
HD – 2011 reference list
OSPAR – 2014 JAMP
• Definition (modified from CU document):
• Anthropogenic pressure = an input, alteration or extraction of
physical, chemical or biological elements, properties or functions
of the natural environment which results directly from human
activities
Outcome:
• Proposal for modified MSFD list
• Similar to MSFD, OSPAR and HELCOM lists
• Longer than WFD, much simpler than HD
Pressure typology - 1
MSFD
Annex III Table 2
Pressures
Pressure
Impacts
Alteration of seafloor/water body
morphology
Physical loss smothering,
Physical loss - sealing
Change of sea-floor
substrate
Physical loss smothering,
Physical loss - sealing
Physical [habitat]
loss
Disturbance/damage to
sea-floor
Physical damage abrasion
Changes in siltation
(e.g. by outfalls,
increased run-off)
Significant changes
in salinity regime
Activities
Man-made structures
Permanent constructions
Man-made structures
Permanent constructions
Disposal of dredge spoil
Physical
Extraction of sea-floor and
subsoil minerals (e.g.
Physical damage sand, gravel, rock, oil,
selective extraction
gas)
Commercial fishing,
boating, anchoring
Dredging
Exploration and
exploitation of living and
non-living resources on
seabed and subsoil
Pressure typology - 2
MSFD
Annex III Table 2
Pressures
Pressure
Water discharges
(with/without
contaminants)
Activities
Interference with hydrological
processes
Interference with hydrological
processes
Changes in siltation
(e.g. by outfalls,
increased run-off)
Constructions
impeding water
movements
Water extraction
Interference with hydrological
processes
Significant changes
in salinity regime
Water abstraction
Input of sound
Other physical disturbance underwater noise
Hydrological Water movement changes
Energy
Impacts
shipping,
underwater
acoustic equipment
Input of electromagnetic
& seismic waves
Input of heat
Input of light
Interference with hydrological
processes
Significant changes
in thermal regime
outfalls from
power stations
Pressure typology - 3
MSFD
Annex III Table 2
Pressures
Pressure
Nutrient enrichment — Inputs of fertilisers and other nitrogen — and
(N, P, organic
phosphorus-rich substances
matter)
— inputs of organic matter
Impacts
Activities
e.g. from point and diffuse
sources, including
agriculture, aquaculture,
atmospheric deposition,
e.g. sewers, mariculture,
riverine inputs
— Introduction of synthetic compounds
Chemicals
and other
pollutants
Input of
contaminants
(synthetic
substances, nonsynthetic
substances,
radionuclides) diffuse sources,
point sources, acute
events
Input of CO2 and
other greenhouse
gases
(e.g. priority
substances under Directive 2000/60/EC which are relevant for the
marine environment such as pesticides, antifoulants,
pharmaceuticals, resulting, for example, from losses from diffuse
sources, pollution by ships, atmospheric deposition and biologically
active substances),
— introduction of non-synthetic substances and
compounds (e.g. heavy metals, hydrocarbons, resulting, for
example, from ..[..]
atmospheric deposition, riverine inputs),
— introduction of radio-nuclides.
Systematic and/or intentional release of
substances— Introduction of other substances, whether solid,
liquid or gas, in marine waters, resulting from their systematic
and/or intentional release into the marine environment, as
permitted ….
From Table 1
Input of litter (solid
— marine litter
waste matter)
ships
ships and oil, gas
and mineral
exploration and
exploitation
Pressure typology - 4
MSFD
Annex III Table 2
Pressures
Pressure
Removal of species
(targeted, non-targeted)
— selective extraction of species
Injury/death to species
Disturbance of species
Translocation of (native)
species
Biological
Introduction of genetically
modified species
translocations
From Table 1
Introduction or spread of
non-indigenous species
— introduction of non-indigenous
species
Introduction of microbial
pathogens
— introduction of microbial
pathogens
Cultivation/ artificialisation of
natural habitat
Impacts
Activities
incidental nonCommercial and
target catches of recreational
species
fishing
Table 2 - Pressures
• Issues:
• If full list is used, need to reflect its use in
guidance: e.g.
•
•
•
Specified in Descriptor – must assess
Significant pressure – recommend assessment
Minor pressure – assess if necessary
• ‘Input of contaminants’ is very general
– consider sub-categories: Metals, pesticides, PAHs, organics, hydrocarbons,
etc
• Very few 'impacts' are given
Is it helpful to add an indicative list e.g. change in substrate, chemical
characteristics, habitat of species, community composition, species
behaviour, etc, etc.?
Equate to the ‘characteristics’ of elements in Table 1
• Retain example activities?
Table 1: Characteristics
• Proposed content:
•Generic set of elements (ecosystem components) to
be assessed and/or monitored
These can be further specified under Art. 9(3) Decision and Art. 9(1)
•Indicative set of characteristics/ features/
properties of these elements
Linked to impacts of Table 2
•Move some topics to Table 2:
pCO2, marine acidification
NIS
Chemicals
•Remove topics that add little value:
‘habitats in areas which …. merit a particular reference’
‘features or characteristics typical of region’
Table 1: outline of elements
Annex III
Main
component
Highly mobile
species
Water
column
Seabed
Ecosystem
Component
Birds, mammals,
reptiles, fish,
cephalopods
Listed species of
HBD & international
agreements
Predominant habitat
types
Listed habitats of
Habitats Directive
and international
agreements
9(3) Decision
9(1) regional GES
Specific elements
Specific elements
Specific functional
groups or species
types (commercial,
top predators, listed)
relating to descriptor
needs
Specific habitat types
(predominant, listed)
relating to descriptor
needs
Types of structure
and functions
Specified species,
groups of species or
habitat types for
region/ subregion
Specific attributes
Typology of uses and activities
• Reviewed:
•
•
•
•
•
MSFD Annex III Table 2, 2012 reporting list
WFD – 2014 reporting guidance
HD – 2011 reference list
OSPAR – 2014 JAMP
ODEMM (FP7 project, Kosse et al. 2011)
Outcome:
• Proposal for modified MSFD list
• Accommodates all reviewed lists into a common
typology
Uses and activities typology - 1
Theme
Activity
Sub-activity
Land claim (permanent
changes)
Canalisation and other
watercourse modifications
Landscape
restructuring
Coastal defence and flood
protection
MSFD
Art.8 reporting list (EC, 2012)
Land claim, coastal defence
Canalisation
Culverting
Causeways
Sea walls
Breakwaters
Groynes
Land claim, coastal defence
Flood protection
Dredging (for navigation
Landscaping (semi-permanent purposes)
changes)
Beach replenishment/
nourishment
Dredging
Uses and activities typology - 2
Theme
Activity
Sub-activity
Urban developments
Industrial developments
MSFD
Art.8 reporting list (EC, 2012)
Urban (municipal waste water discharge)
Urban discharges and waste
disposal
Urban (municipal waste water discharge)
Industry discharges & waste
disposal
Industry (discharges, emissions)
Transport infrastructure
Land-based structures
Man-made
Tourism/leisure infrastructure Sea-based structures (piers,
structures (incl.
harbours, marinas, slipways)
construction phase)
Ports and other coastal
constructions
Ports
Port operations
Offshore marine
infrastructure (including
associated with mineral and
energy extraction)
Placement & operation of offshore
structures (other than for energy
production)
Cables & pipelines
Submarine cable & pipeline operations
Uses and activities typology - 3
Theme
Extraction of nonliving resources
Activity
Sub-activity
MSFD
Art.8 reporting list (EC, 2012)
Extraction of oil and gas
Marine hydrocarbon extraction (oil &
gas)
Extraction of sand and gravel
Marine mining - sand, gravel, rock)
Extraction of rock & minerals
Marine mining (sand, gravel, rock)
Extraction of salt
Desalination/water abstraction
Extraction of water
Wind energy production
Renewable energy generation
(wind, wave & tidal power)
Tidal energy production
Extraction of energy
Wave energy production
Non-renewable energy
generation
Fossil fuel energy production
Nuclear energy production
Marine-based renewable energy
generation (wind, wave & tidal power)
Uses and activities typology - 4
Theme
Activity
Sub-activity
MSFD
Art.8 reporting list (EC, 2012)
Potting/ creeling
Netting
Demersal long lining
Pelagic long lining
Fish & shellfish
harvesting
(professional,
recreational)
Benthic trawling
Pelagic trawling
Demersal seining
Fisheries incl. recreational fishing (fish & shellfish)
Purse seining
Benthic dredging
Suction/ hydraulic dredging
Extraction of living
resources
Leisure fishing
Hand collecting (shellfish)
Marine plant
harvesting
Machine collection (fucoids, kelp)
Seaweed and other sea-based food harvesting
Dredging (maerl)
Extraction of genetic resources/ bioprospecting/ maerl
Hand collecting (seaweed)
Extraction of genetic resources/ bioprospecting/ maerl
Hunting
Hunting and
collecting for nonfood purposes
Harvesting/ collecting eggs
Collecting (curios)
Bait digging
Uses and activities typology - 5
Theme
Activity
Sub-activity
MSFD
Art.8 reporting list (EC, 2012)
Fin-fish mariculture
Aquaculture
Cultivation of
living resources
Seaweed culture
Aquaculture (fin-fish & shellfish)
Shellfish mariculture
Agriculture
Agriculture & forestry (run-off, emissions)
Forestry
Agriculture & forestry (run-off, emissions)
Transport - shipping
Shipping
Transport - air
Boating, yachting
Tourism and
recreation
Uses of
environment
and
infrastructure
Beach use
Water sports (surface)
Tourism & recreation incl. yachting
Scuba diving
Wildlife watching
Marine research, survey & educational
activities
Research and survey
Military use
Waste disposal
Defence operations
Military - waste disposal (munitions)
Dumping of munitions
Solid waste disposal, incl. dredge material Solid waste disposal incl. dredge material
Carbon sequestration
Storage of gases