Transcript File
Agriculture Ecology Biology - Agriculture Science Standard I Objectives 2 & 3 Ecology • the study of the RELATIONSHIPS of living things to EACH OTHER and their ENVIRONMENT (surroundings) Ecosystems • ALL of the LIVING communities of an area together with the NON-LIVING parts of their ENVIRONMENT Parts of an Ecosystem • • • • LIVING community (BIOTIC factors) ENERGY input and use NUTRIENT cycling NON-LIVING environment (ABIOTIC factors) Organizational Levels Organism/ Individual Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere Organizational Levels Activity • On one side of a blank sheet of paper illustrate and label the concept of Biosphere Biosphere Your illustration here Organizational Levels Activity • Fold the paper in half so that your illustration is on the inside. Biosphere Organizational Levels Activity • On one side of your paper illustrate and label the concept of Ecosystem. Ecosystem Organizational OrgLevels Activity • Fold the paper in half so that the illustration of ecosystem is on the inside. Ecosystem Organizational Levels Activity • On one side of the folded piece, illustrate and label the concept of Community. Community Organizational Levels Activity • Fold the paper in half so that the illustration of community is on the inside. Community Organizational Levels Activity • On one side of your folded piece illustrate and label the concept of Population. Population Organizational Levels Activity • Fold the paper in half so that Population is on the inside. Population Organizational Levels Activity • On one side of the folded sheet illustrate and label the concept of Organism or Individual. Cycles of Matter • • • • Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphourous WATER CYCLE WATER IN ATMOSPHERE EVAPORATION PRECIPITATION WATER /ICE Water Cycle Carbon/Oxygen Cycle CARBON DIOXIDE RESPIRATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS OXYGEN Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle NITROGEN GAS NITROGEN FIXATION ANIMALS DENITRIFICATION PLANTS NITRATES Nitrogen Fixation • Nitrogen fixation is the natural process, either biological or abiotic, by which nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia. This process is essential for life because fixed nitrogen is required to biosynthesize the basic building blocks of life, e.g. DNA and proteins. Nitrogen Cycle Habitat • It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds (influences and is utilized by) a species population. Predator-Prey • One organisms depends on the other organism Symbiosis • “Living Together” • One species lives in close association with another species over a period of time • Avoids competition for resources – Examples: • Mutualism • Parasitism • Commensalisms Mutualism • • • Both organisms benefit It is between two different organisms Example: Crocodile Bird and the Nile Crocodile – – Crocodile usually eats animals, but allows the bird to walk on its mouth Bird cleans parasites in the crocs teeth and removes and eats scraps of food Commensalism • One organism benefits, one unharmed – • • • Sharing space, defense, shelter food “eating together at the same table” Neither one will die if relationship is ended Example: Shrimp and Sea Cucumber – – The shrimp spends the day inside the intestines of the sea cucumber and at night emerges from it to feed on small crustaceans The cucumber does not benefit from it, but is not harmed Parasitism • One organism, the parasite, secures a home on or inside another organism • The parasite is the “guest” and the other organism is the “host” • It usually harms the host and benefits the guest Trivia Time – Part 1 • This organism is a bird that eats insects that live on and irritate antelopes. The bird flies up noisily when other animals approach. • What type of symbiotic relationship does this describe? Trivia Time – Part 2 • • This organism lives in the intestine of its host, feeding off the host’s blood. The host suffers from loss of blood; it becomes thin and is easy prey to diseases. What type of symbiotic relationship does this describe? Biomes of the World Tropical Rain Forest Temperate Forest Tundra Boreal Forest/Taiga Temperate Woodland/Shrubland Temperate Grassland Mountains Savannah Desert Icecaps