Transcript Ch. 18 sections 1 & 2

Chapter 18
Introduction to the Ecology of
Organisms
Mrs. Stewart
Honors Biology
Course Level Expectation
• 3210.2.3
Predict how global climate change, human
activity, geologic events, and the introduction of
non-native species impact an ecosystem.
• You’ve learned it if you can:
– Predict how a specific environmental change may
lead to the adaptations or extinction of a particular
species.
Find a Partner
• One of you is the Tiger (LSU) the other is
the Gator (Florida).
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO
ECOLOGY
Levels of Organization
• Species – all the organisms that can/will
interbreed and can produce fertile offspring
• Population – all members of a species that live
in one place/area
• Community – all the interacting organisms
living in one place/area
• Ecosystem – all the organisms and non-living
environment found in one place/area
Interdependence
• All organisms interact with all the
other living and nonliving parts of
their environment
• An environment consists of
everything and every organism
in your surroundings
Biotic vs. Abiotic
• Biotic:
All the living components of the environment.
• Abiotic
All the nonliving components of the
environment such as physical and chemical
characteristics.
Partner
• Tigers – tell your gator the difference
between biotic and abiotic.
Partner
• Gators – Give your tiger an example of
something biotic and abiotic in this
environment.
Think – pair – share : Interdependence
• How do autotrophs depend on
heterotrophs?
• How do heterotrophs depend
on autotrophs?
Today’s
st
1
Class Objective:
• Explain and draw accurate conclusions
from a tolerance curve graph.
Changing Environment
• Change within habitat:
Biotic and abiotic factors are always changing.
• How does an organism survive if environment
is always changing?
Effects of Interdependence
• Gators – Tell your tigers how an organism
survives if the environment is always
changing.
Tolerance curve
• Every organism has a specific range of
environmental conditions in which it can
tolerate.
• Tolerance curve:
A graph of the performance of an organism versus
the value of an environmental variable (usually
abiotic factors).
Reading a Tolerance Curve
Summarize Tolerance Curve
• Tigers– Explain to your gators how to read a
tolerance curve and what implications can be
found.
Guided Practice
Independent Practice.
• Look at page 364, Figure 18-5 and answer the
following questions on your own.
• 1. What swimming speeds do the two fish groups
have?
• 2. Would the fish raised at 5°C be able to swim
30 cm/s2 immediately after being put in 25°C
water? Why or why not?
Partner Share
• Compare and discuss your
answers with another tiger or
gator near you.
Acclimation
• Can a species change it’s tolerance curve?
• Acclimation:
An organism’s change in response to a change in
its environment.
• Example:
•Altitude
sickness
•Barrel Chest
Acclimation vs. Adaptation
• Acclimate: an individual organism’s
changes to surroundings (occurs over
short period of time and could potentially
change back if environment changes back)
• Adaptation: a population’s changes to
surroundings (occurs over very LONG
periods of time)
Dealing with internal conditions
• Two ways to deal with varying internal conditions:
– Conformers: Do not regulate internal conditions.
They must remain in the optimal range of
tolerance to survive.
– Regulators: Use energy to maintain some of their
internal conditions. They have a wider tolerance
curve for these conditions than do conformers.
An organism can be both!
Did We….
• Describe a tolerance graph?
Fish swimming speeds on page 364.
Before you leave
• On your Independent Practice paper –
1) Predict what might happen to a bird species that
found itself exposed to unusually cold temps
earlier than normal.
2) How might your answer to #1 impact the
ecosystem in which the bird lives?
• Turn in your Independent Practice page with
these answers when you are finished.
Can you?
• 3210.2.3
Predict how global climate change, human
activity, geologic events, and the introduction of
non-native species impact an ecosystem.
• You’ve learned it if you can:
– Predict how a specific environmental change may
lead to the adaptation and/or extinction of a
particular species.