Transcript Do Now

Do Now
• 1. No living organism lives in isolation. What
evidence do you have that living things require
each other? (Provide 3 examples)
• 2. What area of biology studies this?
ECOLOGY
Chapter 2
Objectives:
• Explain what ecologists study.
• Determine the difference between abiotic
and biotic factors.
• List and describe the different levels of
organization.
Introduction Activity!!
Make a list of your observation from this clip!.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXjI2kuNkhE
What is Ecology?
• Ecology
– Study of relationships among living organisms and
the interaction the organisms have with their
environments
– Ecologists observe, experiment, and model using a
variety of tools and methods
Abiotic vs. Biotic
Biotic Factors:
– Living factors in an organism’s environment
– Ex.
Abiotic Factors:
Nonliving factors in an organism’s environment
Ex.
*Organisms depend on and adapt to survive in the abiotic
factors present in their natural environment.*
Think-Pair-Share
• List the abiotic and biotic factors in this
environment. Try to list at least 3 each.
Levels of Organization
• Levels increase in complexity as the
numbers and interactions between
organisms increase.
– Organism
– Population
– Community
– Ecosystem
– Biome
– Biosphere
1. Organism
• A single living thing
• Ex.
2. Population
• Several organisms of the same species
sharing space at the same time
• Ex.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljqgyJx
tdU0
3. Community
• Group of interacting organisms sharing
space at the same time
• Ex.
4. Ecosystem
• Biological Community and abiotic factors
in it
• Ex.
5. Biome
• Large group of ecosystems that share the same
climate and similar types of communities
• Ex.
6. Biosphere
• Part of Earth that supports life
Think-Pair-Share
• Come up with an analogy starting with
your favorite animal for each level of
organization.
Think-Pair-Share
• How do you think scientists study
ecology?
• Design an experiment for the following:
– A. Measure the effect of algae on a goldfish
population in Lake Erie
– B. Venus fly traps react to rising carbon
dioxide emissions in the rainforest
– C. Research what happens when a gap in
the forest is formed.
Do Now
• List the abiotic and
biotic factors in this
picture (3 of each!)
Objectives
• SWBAT differentiate between habitat and niche
• SWBAT provide examples of symbiotic,
competition, and predation relationships.
• SWBAT differentiate between commensalism,
parasitism, and mutualism.
Lets Review…
• What are the levels of organization in
ecology? **Simplest to most complex***
Ecosystem Interactions
• A habitat is an area where an organism lives.
• A niche is the role or position that an organism
has in its environment.
– How it meets its needs for food, shelter, and
reproduction.
Community Interactions
• 1) Competition Occurs when more than one
organism uses a resource at the same time (ex:
prey, soil, sunlight)
– Intraspecific: competition between organisms of the
same species.
– Interspecific: competition between organisms of
different species.
Examples of Competition
• Interspecifichttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38nw
Q0ydExs
• Intraspecific– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgScjtO5iE&feature=related
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDhNutb
XpFE
Community Interactions
• 2) Predation: An individual of one species,
called the predator, eats all or part of an
individual of another species called the prey.
Predation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HY1ka
Hz3OA0
Community Interactions
3) Symbiotic Relationships: when 2 or
more organisms live together.
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
Mutualism
*Both organisms benefit*
Commensalism
*One species benefits, the other is
unaffected*
Parasitism
*Host is harmed and the parasite benefits*
Parasitism
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0rk5z
h7RaE
• http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/3
0/giant-leech-wormvideo_n_5902248.html
Symbiosis
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL
2F1t81Q
Do Now
• Please grab white boards.
• Then define Mutualism, parasitism, and
commensalism
What type of symbiosis?
• Humming birds feed on nectar from flowers.
Flowers are pollinated.
What type of symbiosis?
• Snapping shrimp have poor vision and depend on their goby
fish roommate to give the danger signal when predators
come.
Goby fish who don’t have a place to hide are quickly
eaten. The find a snapping shrimp roommate who digs a
hole form them both to live.
What type of symbiosis?
• Athlete’s foot fungus lives on the skin of humans
and feeds on a protein called keratin. Humans have
itchy, cracked skin which can become infected.
What type of symbiosis?
• Snails die and leave behind their shells. Hermit
crabs find shells left by snails..
Let’s try some examples
The act of one organism consuming
another organism for food is _______.
A. predation
B. parasitism
C. commensalism
D. mutualism
Which are biotic factors in a forest
environment?
A. plants and microscopic organisms
living in the soil
B. pH and salt concentration of the soil
C. sunlight, soil type and soil nutrients
D. temperature, air currents and rainfall
What is the name for a group of interacting
populations that occupy the same area at
the same time?
A. ecosystem
B. habitat
C. biological community
D. biotic collection
Which defines habitat?
A. all of the biotic factors in an ecosystem
B. an area where an organism lives
C. an area in which various species
interact
D. the role or position that an organism has
Practice!
• Get with a partner and work on a review
of section 2.1
• SAVE THIS WORKSHEET! WE WILL
FINISH IT TOMORROW
Match the following types of
relationships to their examples
A. Commensalism 1. Hawks eat small snakes.
B .Mutualism
2. Leeches drain away your lifeblood and
leave you with a scar.
C. Predation
3. Frog sits on a lilly pad to help it reach it’s
prey. The lilly pad is not harmed.
D. Parasitism
4. The bacteria that live in tree roots create
a source of usable nitrogen for the tree and
a safe environment for the bacteria.
E. Competition
5. Several species of birds use the same
trees to nest.
Do Now Lab
• What is a food web?
• What types of organisms are shown in a
food web?
• Draw a food web with 5 organisms in it
(you don’t have to draw the organisms
just the arrows)
Objectives
• To explain how organisms get their
energy.
• To define the different types of autotrophs
and heterotrophs.
• To construct a food web.
Organization of Matter and Energy
• Autotrophs- make their own food
(chemosynthesis and photosynthesis)
• Heterotrophs- consume other organisms for
energy
Autotrophs are also known as
Producers
Consumers
Herbivores- eat ONLY
producers
Consumers
Carnivores- eat ONLY other
consumers
Consumers
Omnivores- consume plants
and animals
Consumers
• ScavengersFeed on dead animal and plant material
• Detritivores
Feed on the “garbage” in the ecosystem
• Decomposers
Release digestive enzymes
Scavengers
Feed on organisms that have
recently died
Decomposers
Break down complex molecules
• Make nutrients available to autotrophs
• Recyclers
Practice
• Get with a partner and work on a review
on section 2.1!!
Do Now
• Identify the following as either: Autotroph, Heterotroph,
Detritivore, Decomposer, or Scavenger
Organization of Matter and Energy
• Food Chain models the energy flow through an
ecosystem.
• A food chain only follows just one path as
animals find food.
• Each step in a food chain or food web is called
a trophic level.
Food Chain – Flow of Energy
Snake
Energy
Mouse
Energy
Grass
But as food is eaten,
heat is released!
Snake
Energy
Mouse
Energy
Grass
Food Web
• A food web – is interconnected food chains and pathways in
which energy flows through a group of organisms.
• A food web shows the many different paths plants and
animals are connected.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW7P
lTaawfQ
Think-Pair-Share
• 1. With the person sitting next to you..
Create a food chain with at least 4
different levels.
• Must include Grass.
• 2. SWITCH partners and combine your 3
food chains to form a food web.
Conclusion Activity
Do Now
• Match the following types of relationships to their
examples
A. Commensalism
1. Hawks eat small snakes.
B .Mutualism
2. Leeches drain away your lifeblood and
leave you with a scar.
C. Predation
3. Frog sits on a lilly pad to help it reach it’s
prey. The lilly pad is not harmed.
D. Parasitism
4. The bacteria that live in tree roots create a
source of usable nitrogen for the tree and a
safe environment for the bacteria.
E. Competition
5. Several species of birds use the same
trees to nest.
Objectives
– To explain what an ecological pyramid is and
what information it can give us.
– To understand the water cycle and it’s impact
on life.
– To determine how both carbon and nitrogen
are used and cycled.
Ecological Pyramids
Diagram that can show the relative amounts of:
energy
biomass
numbers of organisms
AT EACH TROPHIC
LEVEL!
Biomass- Total mass of living matter at each
trophic level
Ecological Pyramids
• 90% of all energy is not transferred to the level
above (energy is consumed at current level)
• Bio mass and # of organisms decrease at each
level
Practice!
• Please complete section 2.2 of the review
worksheet!
Cycles
– Biogeochemical cycle- exchange of matter through
the biosphere.
– Energy is transformed into usable forms
– Cycling of nutrients in the biosphere involves
• Matter in living organisms
• Physical processes found in the environment
– Ex. weathering
QUICK!
Q: Why is it important to living organisms that
nutrients cycle?
A: Cycling makes nutrients available for other
organisms to use.
Q: What would happen if matter bound in living
matter and never recycled?
A: Nutrients would eventually be depleted and
life would cease to exist!
Water cycle
– Who remembers the water cycle from last
year? What processes are involved?
Water cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen enters the food web when plants absorb
nitrogen compounds from soil.
• Consumers get nitrogen by eating plants or animals that
contain nitrogen.
• Nitrogen is returned to the soil in several ways:
1. Animals urinate.
2. Organisms die.
3. Organisms convert ammonia into nitrogen
compounds. (Nitrogen Fixation)
4. Denitrification: take fixed nitrogen and
convert it back to gas
Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen – needed to make proteins
• Conversion of nitrogen into a form that is
useable by plants is called nitrogen fixation.
Nitrogen Fixation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NKGS4b
j7cc
Do Now
• How do humans influence the
environment?
• Is this positive or negative?
• List some examples!
Human Impact
• Humans have influenced about 83% of
Earth’s surface:
– Does this seem like a lot or a little?
– Some areas are more vulnerable than others
why?
Human Impact
• Global population trends have an impact:
• Today’s global population approx. 7 billion people
• Year 2300=36 billion
• How will a growing population affect people’s access to
food, water, and fuel? Wildlife habitats?
Activity!
• You may work with a partner, or work
individually.
• If you finish early, you may begin on your
homework by measuring your own ecological
footprint!