Transcript Final Exam Information

Final Exam Information
• ~25-30% on last lectures (reefs, mangroves,
conservation)
• ~70-75% cumulative
• Same basic format – a bit longer (25% of grade)
• Will include short matching section (example on
handout)
• Makeup exam – Friday (tomorrow) 10-12 in 334
Illick
• Final -- 4 May, 12:30-2:30 in 139 Baker (HERE)
Final Exam Information
• Website
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Outlines
Oceans in the news
Power Point Files
Exam keys
Review question answers
This review file (this afternoon)
• Extra Office Hours
– Schulz: Today – 2-4, Monday – 2-4, Tuesday – 9-10:30
– TAs – normal office hours
Miscellaneous
• If you want to provide photos (I can scan) for the
field trip file (will be on web) – see me this week
• Course overview
• Questions?
Overview of Course Content
• Abiotic Environment
– Physical/geological factors
– Chemical factors
www.nii.net/~celestialmassage/ ocean-waves%20a.JPG
Overview of Course Content
• General Marine
Ecology
http://www.mermaid1.demon.co.uk
Sunstar, Crossaster papposus
Overview of Course Content
Plankton
Overview of Course Content
Nekton
www.gristmagazine.com/grist/images/ features/tuna-school.jpg
Overview of Course Content
Marine Mammals
Overview of Course Content
Sole
Marine Fisheries
http://www.mermaid1.demon.co.uk
Overview of Course Content
Sharks, skates and rays
Overview of Course Content
Deep Sea
Overview of Course Content
Subtidal Benthic
Kelp forest
http://www.mermaid1.demon.co.uk
Overview of Course Content
Intertidal
Overview of Course Content
Meiofauna
Overview of Course Content
Estuaries and Salt Marshes
Overview of Course Content
Coral Reefs
Overview of Course Content
• Human Impacts and
Marine Conservation
Questions?
The Review Game
• If you want to play,
pick up one A,B,C,
and D (these are not
grades!)
• Stand up
• Multiple choice
questions – hold up
your answer choice;
sit down if you are
incorrect
• Last 5 left standing
will win prizes!
Coral reefs are unique among
major marine habitats because
they:
A. Occur everywhere in the world
B. Are made by corals, the only organisms to
secrete calcium carbonate
C. Contain no other organisms but corals
D. Are formed entirely by biological action
Coral reefs are unique among
major marine habitats because
they:
A. Occur everywhere in the world
B. Are made by corals, the only organisms to
secrete calcium carbonate
C. Contain no other organisms but corals
D. Are formed entirely by biological action
Minamata disease found in
people living in a town in Japan
was caused by which one of the
following pollutants?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Toxic bacteria from sewage
Methyl-mercury
Lead
Toxic viruses from sewage
Minamata disease found in
people living in a town in Japan
was caused by which one of the
following pollutants?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Toxic bacteria from sewage
Methyl-mercury
Lead
Toxic viruses from sewage
Most oil spilled into the ocean
each year comes from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Natural seepage
Ship maintenance
Runoff from sewer drains
Tanker accidents
Most oil spilled into the ocean
each year comes from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Natural seepage
Ship maintenance
Runoff from sewer drains
Tanker accidents
Which of the following zones of
the ocean has the lowest species
richness/diversity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Coral reefs
Open ocean pelagic
Deep sea benthos
Rocky intertidal
Which of the following zones of
the ocean has the lowest species
richness/diversity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Coral reefs
Open ocean pelagic
Deep sea benthos
Rocky intertidal
Charles Darwin’s hypothesis
about coral reefs:
A. Said that atolls were formed around subsiding
seamounts – it was later supported
B. Said that atolls were formed around subsiding
seamounts – it was later disproved
C. Said that atolls were formed around rising
seamounts – it was later supported
D. Said that atolls were formed around rising
seamounts – it was later disproved
Charles Darwin’s hypothesis
about coral reefs:
A. Said that atolls were formed around subsiding
seamounts – it was later supported
B. Said that atolls were formed around subsiding
seamounts – it was later disproved
C. Said that atolls were formed around rising
seamounts – it was later supported
D. Said that atolls were formed around rising
seamounts – it was later disproved
Among the ‘ecosystem services’
provided by mangals is:
A. They prevent sedimentation in shipping
canals
B. They prevent shoreline erosion
C. They allow for easy navigation to the
coast
D. They scare children and famous authors
Among the ‘ecosystem services’
provided by mangals is:
A. They prevent sedimentation in shipping
canals
B. They prevent shoreline erosion
C. They allow for easy navigation to the
coast
D. They scare children and famous authors
Which is not an invasive species
that has had large system effects?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The starfish, Pisaster
The macroalgae, Caulerpa toxifolia
The gastropod, Periwinkle
The comb jelly (Ctenophore), Mnemiopsis
Which is not an invasive species
that has had large system effects?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The starfish, Pisaster
The macroalgae, Caulerpa
The gastropod, Periwinkle
The comb jelly (Ctenophore), Mnemiopsis
Hermatypic corals get
A. No energy from zooxanthellae
B. Most energy from zooxanthellae and some
from catching zooplankton
C. Most energy from catching zooplankton
and some from zooxanthellae
D. No energy from catching zooplankton
Hermatypic corals get
A. No energy from zooxanthellae
B. Most energy from zooxanthellae and some
from catching zooplankton
C. Most energy from catching zooplankton
and some from zooxanthellae
D. No energy from catching zooplankton
Which hypothesis for explaining coral
reef fish diversity proposes that the
outcome of fish competition is
determined by which species are lucky
enough to recruit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Competition model
Recruitment limitation model
Lottery model
Predation-disturbance model
Which hypothesis for explaining coral
reef fish diversity proposes that the
outcome of fish competition is
determined by which species are lucky
enough to recruit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Competition model
Recruitment limitation model
Lottery model
Predation-disturbance model
If a container had all of the
following layers of water, which
would be at the bottom?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cold, low salinity water
Cold, high salinity water
Warm, low salinity water
Warm, high salinity water
If a container had all of the
following layers of water, which
would be at the bottom?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cold, low salinity water
Cold, high salinity water
Warm, low salinity water
Warm, high salinity water
The water circulation pattern that
causes wind rows is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Coriolus effect
Convection circulation
Langmuir circulation
Neap tides
The water circulation pattern that
causes wind rows is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Coriolus effect
Convection circulation
Langmuir circulation
Neap tides
Light levels are lowest in the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Epipelagic zone
Littoral zone
Abyssalpelagic zone
Mesopelagic zone
Light levels are lowest in the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Epipelagic zone
Littoral zone
Abyssalpelagic zone
Mesopelagic zone
An example of an omnivore would
be:
A. A crab that eats detritus
B. A crab that eats phytoplankton and sea
grass
C. A crab that eats periwinkles and
herbivorous nudibranchs
D. A crab that eats sea grass and periwinkles
An example of an omnivore would
be:
A. A crab that eats detritus
B. A crab that eats phytoplankton and sea
grass
C. A crab that eats periwinkles and
herbivorous nudibranchs
D. A crab that eats sea grass and periwinkles
Which situation favors the growth of
reef-building corals rather than
algae?
A.
B.
C.
D.
High nutrient levels in the water
High abundances of herbivorous fish
Low average water temperatures
Low abundances of zooplankton
Which situation favors the growth of
reef-building corals rather than
algae?
A.
B.
C.
D.
High nutrient levels in the water
High abundances of herbivorous fish
Low average water temperatures
Low abundances of zooplankton
Which of the following terms
refers to the total amount of
living material in a trophic level
at any instant in time?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
productivity
trophic structure
heterotroph
standing crop
Which of the following terms
refers to the total amount of
living material in a trophic level
at any instant in time?
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
productivity
trophic structure
heterotroph
standing crop
Which of the following
organisms would be most likely
to be growth limited by a lack of
silica?
A. Dinoflagellates
B. Cyanobacteria
C. Diatoms
D. Haptophytes
Which of the following
organisms would be most likely
to be growth limited by a lack of
silica?
A. Dinoflagellates
B. Cyanobacteria
C. Diatoms
D. Haptophytes
The rete mirabile is a small
network of blood vessels that:
A. replaces sodium ions with lighter ammonium
ions in the body cavity of squids.
B. regulates blood flow to the melon of cetaceans.
C. secretes gas into a physoclist swim bladder of
some fish.
D. reduces turbulent flow over the skin of
pteropods.
The rete mirabile is a small
network of blood vessels that:
A. replaces sodium ions with lighter ammonium
ions in the body cavity of squids.
B. regulates blood flow to the melon of cetaceans.
C. secretes gas into a physoclist swim bladder of
some fish.
D. reduces turbulent flow over the skin of
pteropods.
Bycatch is largest relative to
landed catch in which fishery?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cods
shrimps
squids
tunas
Bycatch is largest relative to
landed catch in which fishery?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cods
shrimps
squids
tunas
El Niño Southern Oscillation
events are characterized by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cessation of upwelling off the Pacific coast of South
America and a decline in ocean productivity in this area.
Cessation of upwelling off the Pacific coast of South
America and an increase in ocean productivity in this
area.
Increased upwelling off the Pacific coast of South
America and a decline in ocean productivity in this area
Increased upwelling off the Pacific coast of South
America and an increase in ocean productivity in this
area.
El Niño Southern Oscillation
events are characterized by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cessation of upwelling off the Pacific coast of South
America and a decline in ocean productivity in this area.
Cessation of upwelling off the Pacific coast of South
America and an increase in ocean productivity in this
area.
Increased upwelling off the Pacific coast of South
America and a decline in ocean productivity in this area
Increased upwelling off the Pacific coast of South
America and an increase in ocean productivity in this
area.
Due to the Coriolis effect, a water
current moving away from the equator
in the northern hemisphere will
appear to
as it moves
along its course (from the perspective
of an observer at the equator looking
north).
A.
B.
C.
D.
Curve to the right
Curve to the left
Continue on a straight path
Make a figure eight pattern
Due to the Coriolis effect, a water
current moving away from the equator
in the northern hemisphere will
appear to
as it moves
along its course (from the perspective
of an observer at the equator looking
north).
A.
B.
C.
D.
Curve to the right
Curve to the left
Continue on a straight path
Make a figure eight pattern
Which of the following colors of light
reaches the greatest depth in the open
ocean before being completely
absorbed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
green
red
yellow
blue
Which of the following colors of light
reaches the greatest depth in the open
ocean before being completely
absorbed?
A.
B.
C.
D.
green
red
yellow
blue
The pycnocline is the depth zone
of which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Maximum density change
Maximum temperature change
Minimum density change
Minimum temperature change
The pycnocline is the depth zone
of which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Maximum density change
Maximum temperature change
Minimum density change
Minimum temperature change
These plankton catch their prey
with sticky cells
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chaetognaths
Copepods
Cnidarians
Ctenophores
These plankton catch their prey
with sticky cells
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chaetognaths
Copepods
Cnidarians
Ctenophores
Which of the following animals
is not carnivorous?
A.
B.
C.
D.
baleen whale
manatee
squid
tuna
Which of the following animals
is not carnivorous?
A.
B.
C.
D.
baleen whale
manatee
squid
tuna
Sharks and fish tend to be the top
predators in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tropical oceans
Temperate oceans
Antarctic oceans
Benthic communities world wide
Sharks and fish tend to be the top
predators in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tropical oceans
Temperate oceans
Antarctic oceans
Benthic communities world wide
A soft bottom intertidal area with
low wave action would be
expected to have
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gravel substrate
Coarse sand substrate
Fine sand substrate
Mud substrate
A soft bottom intertidal area with
low wave action would be
expected to have
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gravel substrate
Coarse sand substrate
Fine sand substrate
Mud substrate
The base of the food chain for
marine hydrothermal vents is
which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Algae
Copepods
Vestimentiferan worms
Bacteria
The base of the food chain for
marine hydrothermal vents is
which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Algae
Copepods
Vestimentiferan worms
Bacteria
Exclusion of one species from a
shallow subtidal region due to the
activities of another species (not
including predation) is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Competitive interference
Disturbance
Keystone exploitation
Grazing
Exclusion of one species from a
shallow subtidal region due to the
activities of another species (not
including predation) is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Competitive interference
Disturbance
Keystone exploitation
Grazing
In the rocky intertidal zone,
which of the following resources
is in limited supply?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Food
Oxygen
Space
Mates
In the rocky intertidal zone,
which of the following resources
is in limited supply?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Food
Oxygen
Space
Mates
Members of which of the
following phyla live only in the
marine interstitial?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cnidaria
Gnathostomulida
Echinodermata
Nematoda
Members of which of the
following phyla live only in the
marine interstitial?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cnidaria
Gnathostomulida
Echinodermata
Nematoda
Which of the following is not a
problem in the open water of the
mesopelagic or deep-sea?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Finding food
Salinity changes
High pressure
Finding mates
Which of the following is not a
problem in the open water of the
mesopelagic or deep-sea?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Finding food
Salinity changes
High pressure
Finding mates
Extreme changes in temperature
are not a physical characteristic
in which environment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Deep sea vents
Tidal pools
Subtidal benthos
Salt marshes
Extreme changes in temperature
are not a physical characteristic
in which environment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Deep sea vents
Tidal pools
Subtidal benthos
Salt marshes
In salt marshes and estuaries,
which nutrient is most often
limiting to primary production?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Phosphorus
Iron
Sulfur
Nitrogen
In salt marshes and estuaries,
which nutrient is most often
limiting to primary production?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Phosphorus
Iron
Sulfur
Nitrogen
The predators with the biggest
effects on entire infaunal
communities in the subtidal are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Surface predators
Digging predators
Burrowing predators
Meiofauna
The predators with the biggest
effects on entire infaunal
communities in the subtidal are:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Surface predators
Digging predators
Burrowing predators
Meiofauna
These subtidal benthic
communities have high species
diversity and endemism
A.
B.
C.
D.
Antarctic
Arctic
Temperate
Onondaga Lake
These subtidal benthic
communities have high species
diversity and endemism
A.
B.
C.
D.
Antarctic
Arctic
Temperate
Onondaga Lake
Kelp forests form throughout the
world in:
A. Cold temperate waters with sandy bottoms
B. Cold temperate waters with hard bottoms
C. Warm temperate waters with sandy
bottoms
D. Warm temperate waters with hard bottoms
Kelp forests form throughout the
world in:
A. Cold temperate waters with sandy bottoms
B. Cold temperate waters with hard bottoms
C. Warm temperate waters with sandy
bottoms
D. Warm temperate waters with hard bottoms
As you go deeper in the
sediments through the redox
potential discontinuity, the redox
potential changes rapidly from
A.
B.
C.
D.
Zero at surface to negative at depth
Zero at surface to positive at depth
Positive at surface to negative at depth
Negative at surface to positive at depth
As you go deeper in the
sediments through the redox
potential discontinuity, the redox
potential changes rapidly from
A.
B.
C.
D.
Zero at surface to negative at depth
Zero at surface to positive at depth
Positive at surface to negative at depth
Negative at surface to positive at depth
Most deep water abyssal animals
are
A.
B.
C.
D.
Herbivores
Parasites
Primary producers
Scavengers
Most deep water abyssal animals
are
A.
B.
C.
D.
Herbivores
Parasites
Primary producers
Scavengers
Many chemosynthetic organisms
use
as their primary
inorganic energy source
A.
B.
C.
D.
H2O
H2S
CO2
SeO2
Many chemosynthetic organisms
use
as their primary
inorganic energy source
A.
B.
C.
D.
H2O
H2S
CO2
SeO2
One example of allochthonous
food sources in an estuary is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Detritus from benthic diatoms
Detritus from estuarine phytoplankton
Detritus from seagrass beds
Detritus from rivers
One example of allochthonous
food sources in an estuary is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Detritus from benthic diatoms
Detritus from estuarine phytoplankton
Detritus from seagrass beds
Detritus from rivers
This organism is a:
A. Osmoconformer at low salinities and an
osmoregulator at high salinities
B. Osmoregulator at low salinities and an
osmoconformer at high salinities
C. Always an osmoconformer
D. Always and osmoregulator
This organism is a:
A. Osmoconformer at low salinities and an
osmoregulator at high salinities
B. Osmoregulator at low salinities and an
osmoconformer at high salinities
C. Always an osmoconformer
D. Always and osmoregulator
In the deep sea, most of the food
is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Autochthonous and evenly distributed
Autochthonous and patchily distributed
Allochthonous and evenly distributed
Allochthonous and patchily distributed
In the deep sea, most of the food
is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Autochthonous and evenly distributed
Autochthonous and patchily distributed
Allochthonous and evenly distributed
Allochthonous and patchily distributed
One adaptation of estuarine
plants to high salinities is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Aerenchyma
High rates of photosynthesis
Succulence
Strong root systems
One adaptation of estuarine
plants to high salinities is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Aerenchyma
High rates of photosynthesis
Succulence
Strong root systems
Which of the following is not a
hypothesis to explain deep sea
diversity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Stability time hypothesis
Keystone predation hypothesis
Cropper/disturbance hypothesis
Area hypothesis
Which of the following is not a
hypothesis to explain deep sea
diversity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Stability time hypothesis
Keystone predation hypothesis
Cropper/disturbance hypothesis
Area hypothesis
In which of the following
communties is there little or no
chemosynthesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rocky intertidal
Muddy intertidal
Deep sea vents
Cold seeps
In which of the following
communties is there little or no
chemosynthesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rocky intertidal
Muddy intertidal
Deep sea vents
Cold seeps
There are lots of periwinkles
(gastropods) in the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Supralittoral fringe
Midlittoral zone
Infralittoral fringe
Infralittoral zone
There are lots of periwinkles
(gastropods) in the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Supralittoral fringe
Midlittoral zone
Infralittoral fringe
Infralittoral zone