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Section 13-1 & 13-2 “Introducing Ecology” Write everything that is Underlined 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Section 13.1 KEY CONCEPT: Ecology is the study of the relationships among organisms and their environment. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic I. Overview of Terms 1. Ecology is the study of the interactions among living things, and between living things and their surroundings. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic 2.An organism is an individual living thing (such as an alligator) Organism Organism 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic 3.A population is a group of the same species that lives in one area. Population Population Organism Organism 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic 4.A community is a group of different species that live together in one area. Community Community Population Population Organism Organism 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic 5. An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the other nonliving things in a given area. (such as climate, soil, water, rocks) Ecosystem Ecosystem Community Community Population Population Organism Organism 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic 6. A biome is a major regional or global community of organisms characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities Ecosystem that thrive there. Biome Ecosystem Community Community Population Population Organism Organism 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic II. Research Methods Ecological research methods include observation, experimentation, and modeling. 1.Observation is the act of carefully watching something over time. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic 2. Experiments are performed in the lab or in the field. – Lab experiments give researchers more control but are not reflective of the complex interactions in nature. – Field experiments give a more accurate picture of natural interactions. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic • Computer and mathematical models can be used to describe and model nature. • Modeling allows scientists to learn about organisms or ecosystems in ways that would not be possible in a natural or lab setting. Ecologists use data transmitted by GPS receivers worn by elephants to develop computer models of the animal’s movements. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Section 13.2 KEY CONCEPT: Every ecosystem includes both living and nonliving factors. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic III. Elements in an Ecosystem 1. Biotic factors are living things. • Remember, BIO means LIFE! (like Biology) a. plants b. animals c. fungi d. bacteria 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic 2. Abiotic factors are nonliving things. • Remember, “A” means NOT (like Asymmetrical means not symmetrical) a. sunlight b. temperature c. wind d. Moisture i. Water, rain, clouds e. soil 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic 3. Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect many other factors. 4. A keystone species is a species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem. Keystone If you moved this stone the whole arch would fall down 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic 5.Keystone species form and maintain a complex web of life. creation of wetland ecosystem increased waterfowl Population keystone species increased fish population nesting sites for birds 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic Chapter 13-1 & 13-2 Review questions 1. What is Ecology? 2. Define organism, population, community, biome, biotic, and abiotic factors. 3. Give two examples of biotic and abiotic factors. 4. What is a keystone species? 5. What does every ecosystem include?