Transcript Special Relationships - Woodland Hills School District

Special Relationships
Unit 1 – Animal Geography
Diversity
• WHSD moto: “Diversity is our strength.”
• diversity – the differences in the numbers and kinds of
populations that exist in a community
• Based on this definition, is this moto accurate?
• How can diversity lead to the success of an existing
community? What about a community rebuilding after
some type of disaster?
Habitat –vs- Niche
• Habitat
– The location in which
the organism lives
(grasslands,
freshwater, tree tops,
inside a host, etc.)
• Niche
– The lifestyle of the
organism within the
habitat (predator,
nocturnal, parasite,
scavenger, etc.).
Competition:
Competition occurs naturally between living organisms which coexist in
the same environment. For example, animals compete over water supplies,
food, and mates. In addition, humans compete for attention, wealth,
prestige, and fame.
Example – black tipped reef sharks feeding
What does competition lead to?
In ecology, predation describes a biological interaction where a predator
organism feeds on another living organism or organisms known as prey.
Example – lizardfish feeding on shrimp gobies
Should an ecosystem contain more predators or prey?
The term symbiosis commonly describes close and often
long-term interactions between different biological species.
-mutualism
-commensalism
-parasitism
How did Marlin interact with his home?
The term Mutualism describes any relationship between
individuals of different species where both individuals derive
a fitness benefit.
Example: The ants eat the plant while the pollen is transferred to another
plant on the ants back.
Remember: it has to occur between different species
Commensalism describes a relationship between two living
organisms where one benefits and the other is not
significantly harmed or helped.
Example: A frog using a lily pad to sit on and wait for prey does not harm
the plant.
Any other examples?
A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association
benefits while the other is harmed. Parasitic symbioses take many forms,
from endoparasites that live within the host's body, to ectoparasites that
live on its surface. In addition, parasites may be necrotrophic, which is to
say they kill their host, or biotrophic, meaning they rely on their host
surviving.
Example – leech is a parasite (ectoparasite)