Transcript Document

Ecology
What is Ecology?
• Eco means environment
• Logy means the study of
So, ecology is the study of environment
What is an environment made of?
• Living things (organisms)
• Non-living things
Ecology- the study of interactions
organisms and between
among _________
organisms
___________ and their environment.
living
things that
Biotic factors- ________
_______
influence other things in the
ecosystem.
Non-living
Abiotic factors- __________
things
________ that have an impact on
the ecosystem.
Can you use what we just learned in an activity?
List the biotic and abiotic factors in each picture:
2
1
3
4
Warm-up: Answer in notebook
1. Ecology is the study of
___________________________.
2. An environment is made up of
_______________ and ___________.
3. __________ factors are living things.
4. __________ factors are non-living things.
Levels of Organization
1. Biosphere- Portions of the planet in which life exists (largest)
2. Biome- group of ecosystems that have the same climate &
communities (desert, grassland, ocean, etc.)
3. Ecosystem- collection of living & nonliving things in one area
4. Communities- groups of different populations in the same area
(mice, deer, grass, snakes, hawks, trees)
5. Populations-groups of the same species
6. Species-similar organisms that interbreed (smallest)
Levels of Organization
Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
Energy Flow
sunlight is the main energy source for life on earth.
________
autotrophs
___________- (_________)
producers organisms that can
produce their own food(plants, some bacteria, some
protists)
heterotrophs
____________- (__________)
consumers organisms that rely on
other organisms for food, consumers(animals,
bacteria, protists)
Types of Consumers
Herbivores
_____________- eat only plants
Carnivore
____________- eat only animals
Omnivore
___________- eat both plants &
animals
Energy Flow
Detritivores/Scavengers
______________________- organisms that eat dead
organisms & clean up the environment(vultures, hyenas,
earthworms, snails, crabs)
decomposers organisms that absorb nutrients from dead
____________organisms and waste(fungi, bacteria)
Warm-up: Answer in Notebook
Abiotic
factors
1. The pictures below are _________
________.
2. The pictures below are _________
_________.
Biotic
factors
3. Organisms that make their own food are called
autotrophs
_________________.
4. Organisms that consume their food are called
heterotrophs
_________________.
Energy Flow: Food Chains
Trophic levels- energy levels within the food chain
1. Producers- make food
2. Primary consumers- eat producers
3. Secondary consumers- eat primary consumers
4. Tertiary consumers- eat secondary consumers
Food Chain = small series of organisms and how they
transfer energy.
Plankton  Crustaceans  Fish 
Seals
Energy Flow: Food Webs
Food Web- all the food chains within an ecosystem
Assignment
 Work in your lab groups.
 Construct the following on the paper provided:
1. A food chain (with pictures & names of each
organism, label each trophic level)
2. A food web ( with pictures or names)
Ecological Pyramids
Biomass- total amount of living tissue within
a trophic level
Only about 10 % of available energy is transferred
to the next trophic level.
Assignment
1. Review Safety Symbols (Inside cover
of book)
2. Complete Inquiry Activity on p. 62 of
Biology book.
Focus: Answer in notebook
1. The different energy levels in a food chain are
Trophic ________.
levels
called _______
2. How much energy is available to the next level on
10 %
an ecological pyramid? ____
3. In the food web below, which organism is both a
primary & secondary consumer?
snake
cricket
grass
bird
Outdoor Exploration
1. On a piece of paper, list examples of the following that
you see outside:
a. abiotic factors (x 3)
b. biotic factors (x 3)
c. autotrophs (x3)
d. heterotrophs (x 1)
e. population (x 1)
2. Collect the following for your group ecosystem:
grass, sticks, soil, rocks)
Symbiotic Relationships
__________- when one organism benefits
and the other is harmed.
Example: a tapeworm
obtains nutrients from an
organism’s intestines.
___________- when both organisms
benefit from each other.
Example: the cleaner
fish eats the bacteria and
parasites off of the
moray eel
Symbiotic Relationships
____________- when one species
benefits, and the other is unaffected.
Example: A bird uses a
tree for it’s shelter, which
neither helps or harms the
tree.
Succession
__________- is the series of changes that
occurs in a community over time.
________
- occurs on
surfaces where no soil exists.
_______________- is when
something disturbs a
community and it changes.
Limits To Growth
_______________- are factors that
cause population growth to
decrease. __ types.
1. __________________- depend on the
population size (competition, predation,
parasitism, disease)
2. ___________________- affect all
populations, regardless of populations
size (weather, natural disasters, human
activities)