Chapter 18 Interactions of Living Things
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Transcript Chapter 18 Interactions of Living Things
Pages 530-557
ACTIVE NOTE TAKING
Fill in the blanks using textbook!
The Environment
Ecology
Study of the __________ among organisms and
their ________________.
Ecologists
_________________ who study environmental
relationships
_______________ the environmental factors
that influence organisms into ______ groups
____________
BIOTIC
Comparing Abiotic and
Biotic
Factors
Abiotic
_________________ parts of the environment
Examples:
I. _____________
II. Light & Temperature
III. _____________
IV. Soil
Comparing Abiotic and
Biotic Factors
Biotic Factors
___________or _____________ organisms in the
environment
Examples:
I. Levels or organization
II. __________________
III. Communities
IV. _____________________
V. Biomes
VI. ______________________
Abiotic Factors
5 Factors:
Water
________________
________________
________________
Soil
Abiotic Factors
1. Water
All organisms need __________ to survive
Organisms are made of __________% water
Respiration, photosynthesis, digestion, and
other important life process can only occur
with presence of ____________
95% of Earth’s ___________ water is found in
oceans
Examples of Water
Pacific Ocean-Kauai, Hawaii
Dale Hollow Lake
Cumberland River & Lake Cumberland
Bayou-Gueydan, LA
Abiotic Factors
2. Light
Availability of sun light is a major factor in
determining where green plants and other
________________ organisms live
Energy from Sun is changed into ____________
energy
__________-lives near water surface
Dense forest have very little photosynthetic
plants, why?
Plant Examples
The Garden of Eden-Kauai
North Shore-Kauai
Kipu Ranch-Kauai
-conifers
Abiotic Factors
3. Temperature
Regional temperature also determines which plants
and animals can live there
Some areas of the world have fairly consistent
temperature year round
Other areas have season during which temperatures
vary
Arctic, Desert, Mid-Atlantic, Tropical, Arid, and Mild
Temperature Variations
Rain Forest-Brazil
Arctic Plain-Antarctica
Mojave Desert-CA
Appalachian Mts-TN
Great Plains-Kansas
Tropical Island-FL Keys
4. Air
Abiotic Factors
Composed of a mixture of gases including Nitrogen,
_________________, and Carbon Dioxide.
Plants & Animals depend on the gases in air for
_________________ (breathe)
All species are affected by weather
Weather- 8km to 16 km (from surface)
Ozone Layer-20km to 50km (from surface)
Few organisms live at extreme air pressures
5. Soil
Abiotic Factors
Varies greatly from one environment to
another
Soil Type-determined by amount of Sand,
Silt, and ___________ it contains
Various soils contains different amounts
of nutrients, minerals, and moisture
Soil affects every organism in an environment!
Soil
Top Soil-rich in nutrients and
moisture (plant crops)
Red Clay-sub soil-very acidic
(use as filler dirt)
Bed Rock-mostly
limestone/sandstone
(paving stone)
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors do not provide everything an
organism needs for survival
Organisms depend on other organisms for:
Food
__________________
Protection
__________________
Biotic Factors
Biotic Factors Include:
Bacteria
____________
Fungi
____________
Animals
Levels of Organization
1. Organism: one __________________ from a population
Mallard Drake “GreenHead”
Levels of Organization
2. Population:
_________ of the individual of one species
that live in the same _____________ at the same time.
Levels of Organization
3. Community:
the ______________ of different species
that ______________ in some way
Levels of Organization
4. Ecosystem:
all of the ______________ in an area and the
abiotic factors they interact with
Levels of Organization
5. Biome:
large region with ___________ and
_____________ well adapted to the soil and climate of the
region
Levels of Organization
6. Biosphere: The level of biological organization that is
made up of all the ecosystems on ________________
Biosphere
Where Earth’s organisms live
Can be found
11,000 m deep in the ocean
9,000 m high on the mountains
4.5 km high in atmosphere
Extremophiles
Includes top part of Earth’s crust, all the waters that covers the
Earth’s surface, the surrounding atmosphere, and all biomes!