Transcript presentation - Poleski National Park

Sustainable use and
biodiversity protection in
Poleski National Park
(an example- meadow
ecosystems)
Short characteristic of PNP
- formed on the 1st of May 1990,
- area 9762 ha,
- characterised by water and peat bogs,
- situated in eastern Poland within the
£ęczyńsko- Włodawska Plainland.
Map of Poland
The most interesting are:
- transitional peat bogs, low and high
continental peat bogs,
- unique flora,
- animal species, most of them are very rare,
their population is dependent on peat bogs and
wetlands.
High continental peat bog -picture.
Low peat bog, sedge area -picture.
Biodiversity:
There are
Plants:
- there are about 1000 species of vascular plants including 170 rare
species, 81 under a low protection, 15 species in the Polish Plant
Red Data Book,
- as many as 140 represent the plants typical of the northern zone
vegetation cover (shrubby birch Betula humilis, Lapland willow Salix
lapponum, whortle- berry willow Salix myryilloides- typical postglacial relicts,
- relicts from the glacial epoch include also Carex chorodrrhiza, mud
sedge (Carex limosa), Charle’s sceptre (Pedicularis sceptrumcarolinum),Siberian iris (Iris sibirica),
- the Atlantic relicts (approximately 25 species)- Hypochoeris glabra
and Teesdalea nudicalis,
- the mid-European flora (approximately 120 species),
steppe Pontian and mountainous plants (Veratrum lobelianum) and
Mediterranean species,
- the carnivorous plants (8 species), sandews (Drosera), Pinguicula
vulgaris bicolor, Aldrovanda vesiculosa, bladderworts (Utricularia),
Animals:
- an interesting and rare species of animals: river otter,
elk, beaver, European water-shrew, crane, black stork,
white- tailed eagle, Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus
paludicola), ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca),
corncrake (Crex crex),
- 6 species of reptiles: European Pond turtle (Emys
orbicularis), grass snake, common lizard,
- 13 species of amphibians: Bufo calamita, Triturus,
Bombina bombina, Hyla arborea and frogs: Rana
temporaria, R. arvalis, R. lessonae,
- in small water basins lives a very rare fish- lake
minnow (Phoxinus percnuru)
- invertebrate species: Euphydryas aurinia, Maculinea.
Some examples of protection programmes:
PNP is conducting a biotope and population of
European Pond turtle protection programme.
PNP buys private lands where nests of turtles
are located. During the autumn we dig up the
eggs for incubating. Small turtle are set free next
spring when they have a greater chance to
survive.
Population of European Pond turtle is estimated
that approximately 400 of the adults.
Breeding area – picture.
Protection of turtles’ nests – picture.
Renaturalisation of water and peat bog ecosystem
programme:
This programme is in existence because ecosystems were
threatened from land that was improperly drained for
agriculture. Now we have built a network of dams and
earthdyks whose aim is to increase the water level and to keep
water in the PNP area. There are huge problems with peat bog
forestation because of environmental changes (water quality
and quantity) which brings:
- common species bear down rare and threatened species,
- common forest community with low natural values starts
growing on this area,
- worse biotic conditions especially light conditions, there are
occurred close scrubs which are not profitable for light -loving
species (Salix lapponum) so characteristic for open peat bogs,
- decrease of biodiversity.
The main aim of PPN is protection from above
mentioned threats and reduce results of these
threats in natural environment,
Realisation of cutting shrubs and mowing
meadows helps to stop bad forest and shrubs
expansion on the peat bog area and allows
keeping unique values of these places.
Sustainable use – case study
Meadow ecosystems
(points according to nomination form)
1.
Kinds of meadows:
One time hay-growing meadow: meadows
with Molinietum: Dactylorhiza incarnata,
Epipactis, Marsh gentian (Gentiana
pneumonanthe), Gentiana uliginosa: peaty
meadow and thermopilous
Two times hay- growing meadow: where
live: lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), black- tailed
godwit (Limosa limosa), common snipe
(Gallinago gallinago); celery meadows which
are very important-threaten speciesPolygonum bistorta – host plant of rare
butterflies.
Pictures of some plants
Dactylorhisa incarnata
Liparis loeselli
Part of meadow ecosystems, because
of forsake using transformed into
shrubs area. Poleski NP is trying to
keep quantity of meadows on stable
level (in order to keep natural values
and stop decreasing area of meadow).
2.
Main aim there is keeping specific and
rare plant species, which grow on this area.
Consumption and cash income are not priority
of using this resource. In PNP there are 1595
ha meadows. Park actively manage 246 ha (this
situation is changing year after year), 356 ha
private meadows.
3.
Meadows are situated in all area of PNP
(huge mosaic of habitats). The broad ecological
characteristic of the habitat in which meadows
exist- wetlands.
4.
Meadows in this area always (in different
scale) were used by farmers (from 150 years
people have changed hydrographic system in
order to drainage for agriculture). Meadows are
harvested (mowing) seasonally, mainly once a
year during the summer after 15th of August,
second part of them is harvesting two times per
a year, first time after 1st of July, second in
September.
5.
Poleski National Park is responsible for
the use of the meadows (except private area).
Every year is prepared a timetable, which is
accepted by Ministry of Environmental
Protection. In the future is planned monitory
system.
6.
The meadows are mowing during late
summer after bird nesting and earring plants. A
lot of meadows plants and animals have stable
status but some of them are threaten:
Pinguicula vulgaris bicolor,
Annual gentian (Gentiana amarella),
Pictures of some plants
Pinguicula vulgaris bicolor
Annual gentian
(Gentiana amarella),
7.
The one of the biggest problem is of
course financing problem, in Park there are not
enough professional equipment (e.g. GPS)
and modern geographic information system, old
database).
8.
Every year are realized action in order to
protect meadow ecosystems which are financed
by National Found of Environment Protection
and Water Management, Voivodship Found of
Environment Protection and Water
Management. Poland joined to European Union
and now farmers could use agro-environmental
programs for protecting meadows (Park
propagates these programs among the
farmers). Now we can observe first effects,
more farmers take on lease meadows.
Mowing meadows
Mowing meadows
9. Attached pictures were made by
Andrzej Różycki- science worker of
Poleski National Park.
10. Park directly does not use the following
guidance: Ecosystem Approach, Addis Ababa
guidelines, Akwe:Kon guidelines, Impact
Assessment, and Indicator but every actions
are managed in agreement with Convention on
Biological Diversity and A national strategy for
conservation and sustainable use of biological
diversity.