Transcript Slide 1
Invasive Species What are they? Why are they important? What can we do about them? Use mouse button to go to the next slide Invasive Species What is an Invasive Species? An "invasive species" is defined as a species that is 1)non–native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and 2) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. Invasive Species Which Invasive Species Affect Us? • We encounter invasive species every day, and most are benign or beneficial. • Invasive species affecting us in Arkansas include plants and animals. • Some examples of common invasive species include: Invasive Species Red Imported Fire Ant Examples of insects USDA APHIS PPQ Archives, USDA APHIS, www.forestryimages.org Asian Tiger mosquito Susan Ellis, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species nutria starling Lee Karney, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, www.forestryimages.org www.scsc.k12.ar.us zebra mussel U.S. Geological Survey Archives, U.S. Geological Survey, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species Examples of plants kudzu James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus) David J. Moorhead, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species West Nile Virus, 2005 Examples of microbes As an example of spread of invasive species, consider that West Nile Virus spread across the US in only a few years after appearing first in 1999. Invasive Species There are approximately 4,000 exotic plant species and 2,300 non-native animal species in the US. A few cause problems: just 79 species caused $97 billion in direct economic losses in the US during 1906-1991. Source: America’s Least Wanted, The Nature Conservancy 1996. Invasive Species Invasive species can cause ecological damage by • Altering ecosystem physical or chemical properties • Depleting native wildlife by preying on them or by niche competition • Setting off cascading biological changes in the systems they invade Some invasive species can cause huge ecological and economic impacts. American Chestnut – lost to an invasive species, chestnut blight Chestnut blight Historic range of American chestnut Invasive Species Examples of established invasive species in forests: insects and diseases Chestnut blight, Dutch elm disease, gypsy moth, balsam wooly adelgid, hemlock wooly adelgid, pecan weevil, . . . Invasive Species Examples of established invasive species in forests: plants Kudzu, Japanese honeysuckle, princesstree, privets, Tree–of–Heaven, mimosa, Chinaberry, English ivy, Nepalese browntop, bamboos, giant reed, lespedezas, non–native wisterias, ... Invasive Species Examples of threatening invasive species in forests: • Insects • Diseases • Plants Invasive Species Asian Longhorned Beetle Donald Duerr, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org Thomas B. Denholm, New Jersey Department of Agriculture, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species ALB risk map Invasive Species Gypsy Moth USDA APHIS PPQ Archives, USDA APHIS PPQ, www.forestryimages.org Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Archives, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species Gypsy Moth Gypsy Moth damage Mark Robinson, forestryimages.org Invasive Species Emerald Ash Borer David Cappaert, , www.forestryimages.org Andrew J. Storer, MI Tech. University James W. Smith, USDA APHIS PPQ, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species European Wood Wasp William M. Ciesla, Forest Health Management International, www.forestryimages.org Stanislaw Kinelski, , www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species Pine Shoot Beetle orth Central Research Station Forestry Science Laboratory Invasive Species Formosan Termite Gerald J. Lenhard, , www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species Kudzu David J. Moorhead, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org Kudzu infestation John D. Byrd, Mississippi State University, www.forestryimages.org Kudzu infestation Kudzu infestation Kerry Britton, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species Chinese Wisteria James R. Allison, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, www.forestryimages.org Ted Bodner, Southern Weed Science Society, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species Cogongrass Wilson Faircloth, USDA Agricultural Research Service, www.forestryimages.org G. Keith Douce, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org showing off-center mid-vein Cogongrass rhizomes Cogongrass rhizomes Craig Ramsey, USDA APHIS PPQ, www.forestryimages.org Cogongrass infestation Cogongrass infestation Wilson Faircloth, USDA Agricultural Research Service, www.forestryimages.org Note the distinctive circular infestations in the planted stand. Craig Ramsey, USDA APHIS PPQ, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species Chinese Tallow (popcorn tree) James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org Ted Bodner, Southern Weed Science Society, www.forestryimages.org AR Champion Chinese Tallow: Located in Des Arc, has diameter 10.7 inches, height 39 feet and crown spread 32 feet. University of Arkansas Extension Service Chinese Tallow infestation Invasive Species Callery Pear Chuck Bargeron, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org Dan Tenaglia, www.missouriplants.com, www.forestryimages.org Callery pear blooming Britt Slattery, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species Chinese Privet / European Privet Ted Bodner, Southern Weed Science Society, www.forestryimages.org James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org Privet infestation James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species Tropical Soda Apple Charles T. Bryson, USDA Agricultural Research Service, www.forestryimages.org J. Jeffrey Mullahey, University of Florida, www.forestryimages.org J. Jeffrey Mullahey, University of Florida, www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species Tropical Soda Apple James Rollins, , www.forestryimages.org Invasive Species The Dirty Dozen Zebra Mussel Green Crab Purple Loosestrife Hydrilla Flathead Catfish Balsam Wooly Adelgid Tamarisk Miconia Rosy Wolfsnail Chinese Tallow Leafy Spurge Brown Tree Snake Source: America’s Least Wanted, The Nature Conservancy 1996. Invasive Species The Dirty Dozen in Arkansas Zebra Mussel Green Crab Purple Loosestrife Hydrilla Flathead Catfish Balsam Wooly Adelgid Tamarisk Miconia Rosy Wolfsnail Chinese Tallow Leafy Spurge Brown Tree Snake Yellow: found in Arkansas; Blue: in adjacent states. Source: America’s Least Wanted, The Nature Conservancy 1996. Invasive Species Action: national and state National Invasive Species Council USDA: APHIS USFS NRCS Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds National Park Service US Fish & Wildlife Service The Nature Conservancy Exotic Plant Pest Councils State forestry agencies Regional Tropical Soda Apple Task Force AR State Plant Board Invasive Species Action: us • Awareness: what are the most threatening pests? • Identification: be able to identify invasive species • Control: know where to get information on control • Education: teach others • Individual actions / behaviors: especially, don’t help invasive species spread! Invasive Species Resources: Books, Field Guides, and other materials: "Nonnative Invasive Plants of Southern Forests“ Websites: www.invasivespecies.gov www.invasive.org tncweeds.ucdavis.edu