Transcript Review for Final

APES Review 2014
The depletion of the world’s
marine fish stocks due to
overfishing is an example of:
A. The sustainable use of
resources.
B. The trap-door principle.
C. The eminent domain
principle.
D. The failure of international
treaties.
E. The tragedy of the commons.
Ammonium ions are converted
to nitrite ions and nitrate ions
through the process of
A. nitrification.
B. leaching.
C. denitrification.
D. assimilation.
E. nitrogen fixation.
You have been studying a large
lake ecosystem. You learn that
PCBs have been dumped into the
water. You predict that the most
effected population would be the
A. algae
B. small fish
C. zooplankton
D. ducks
E. predatory birds
Ionizing radiation includes all of
the following EXCEPT
A. ultraviolet radiation.
B. neutrons emitted by nuclear
fission.
C. alpha radiation.
D. infrared radiation.
E. X rays.
In a developing country, you
are most likely to fear health
threats from
A. hantavirus
B. diabetes
C. cancer
D. unsanitary drinking water
E. Ebola virus
Most plastics are classified as
________ pollutants
A. Degradable
B. Biodegradable
C. Nonpersistant
D. Nondegradable
E. Slowly degradable
This diagram is an example of:
A. neutralization
B. biomagnification
C. eutrophication
D. non-point
source pollution
E. point source
pollution
Plants and trees can be cut down
and replanted. These resources
are therefore considered to be
A. Renewable resources
B. Nonrenewable resources
C. Perpetual
D. Exhaustible resources
E. Sustainable
The National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) ________.
A. altered the amount of chemicals allowed
in water as a result of industrial
pollution
B. put all federal land under stringent
environmental protection
C. was signed into law by Bill Clinton
D. requires compensation to be given to
anyone harmed by deliberate pollution
from any business or corporate entity
E. required environmental impact
statements for any projects funded by
the U.S. government
An ecological footprint is defined as
A. The impact an individual may have
on a given area of land
B. The amount of biologically
productive land and water needed
to sustain an individual within a
population
C. The carrying capacity of the earth
for a given population
D. The amount of land and water that
has been converted to
nonproductive use within a given
geographical region
Point pollution sources
A. Can usually be identified
within a given area
B. Can never be located
C. Are dispersed and difficult to
identify
D. Are much more expensive to
control than Nonpoint sources
E. Cannot be controlled
The maximum population of a
particular species that a given
habitat can support over a given
period of time:
A. succession capacity
B. impact capacity
C. doubling capacity
D. carrying capacity
E. reserve capacity
Matter is anything that
A. Has mass and takes up
space
B. Gives off energy
C. Is a solid at room
temperature
D. Cannot be chemically
changed
The economic theory that claims
that the best way to alleviate
poverty and to grow the
economy is known as
A. Trickle-down theory
B. Narrowing the wealth gap
C. Capitalism
D. Social engineering
During an El Niño-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO),
A. surface water along the South
and North American coasts
becomes cooler.
B. upwellings of cold, nutrient-rich
water are suppressed.
C. prevailing easterly winds
weaken.
D. upwellings of cold, nutrient-rich
water are increased.
E. upwellings of warm, nutrientpoor water are suppressed.
Deserts typically occur in a band at
30 degrees north and south latitude
because
A. descending air masses tend to be
cool and dry.
B. trade winds have a little
moisture.
C. water is heavier than air and is
not carried far over land. .
D. ascending air tends to be moist
E. these locations get the most
intense solar radiation of any
location on Earth
Climate is the general pattern of
weather over a period of at least
A. 30 years.
B. 20 years.
C. 50 years.
D. 10 years.
E. 40 years.
A nuclear change in which two
isotopes form a heavier nucleus
is known as
A. Nuclear fission
B. Nuclear reaction
C. Radioactive decay
D. Nuclear fusion
E. Critical mass
Which of the following is an
external cost of car ownership?
A. the markup paid to the car
dealership
B. the cost of adding pollutants
to the air by driving
C. the price of the gasoline
needed to run the car
D. the price of car repairs
The precautionary principal
A. States that we need to watch
consumerism in countries in which the
population is growing
B. Describes the pattern in which a shared
reource tends to be degraded
C. Defines the movement of toxic fatsoluble substances through the food
chain
D. Says that chemicals should be proven
to be safe before being put on the market
E. Shows that k-selected species tend to
remain near the carrying capacity and
tend not to have crashes
An r-selected species generally:
A. has a low biotic potential
B. is small and short lived
C. survives to reproduce
D. gives much parental care to
its offspring
E. lives in a stable environment
The country of Belize depends on
lobster for a major portion of its
income, along with fishing and
tourism. Over the past 30 years the
average size of an individual lobster
has dropped, even as increasing
numbers of Belizeans buy boats, build
lobster traps, and enter the industry.
This is an example of ___.
A. habitat alteration
B. effects of pollution
C. overharvesting
D. results of an invasive species
E. problems with monoculture
Most of the world's forests occur
as ________.
A. temperate rainforest
B. chaparral
C. tropical dry forest
D. temperate deciduous forest
E. taiga and rainforest
Freshwater resources are __.
A. mostly used for drinking
B. used primarily for crop
irrigation
C. inexhaustible because of the
hydrological cycle
D. concentrated in the western
United States
E. not necessary for our ultimate
survival
Which of the following is NOT
one of the common phosphorous
reservoirs in the ecosystem?
A. atmosphere
B. organisms
C. rocks
D. marine sediment
E. soil
Activities allowed in the (U.S.)
National Wild and Scenic Rivers
System include which of the
following?
I. fishing
II. kayaking
III. motor boating
A. I only
D. I and II only
B. II only
E. II, and III only
C. III only
The single, most frequent
irrigation method is (in an
agricultural use):
A. Gravity flow
B. Drip
C. Center pivot
D. Lateral pivot
The most efficient irrigation
method is (in an agricultural
use):
A. Gravity flow
B. Drip
C. Center pivot
D. Lateral pivot
Which of the following types of
species is least vulnerable to
habitat fragmentation?
A. generalists
B. specialists
C. large predators
D. migratory species
E. species requiring large
territories.
An organism carrying a
disease which may be
transmitted to humans is
called a
A. vector.
B. transfer agent.
C. bug.
D. carrier.
E. causative agent.
Under the provisions of the Clean
Air Act, priority pollutants are:
A. Pollutants that do the most
harm to the air quality.
B. Air pollutants that are most
commonly generated
C. The most toxic air pollutants
D. Air pollutants from factories
and hazardous waste sites
E. Air pollutants from non-point
sources
Inorganic nitrogencontaining ions are converted
into organic molecules
through
A. assimilation.
B. leaching.
C. nitrification.
D. nitrogen fixation.
E. denitrification.
Life on earth depends on
interaction of gravity, the cycling
of matter and
A. the destruction of matter.
B. the consumption of matter.
C. one-way flow of energy.
D. cycling of energy.
E. one-way flow of matter.
Which of the following
ecosystems has the lowest level of
kilocalories per square meter per
year?
A. lakes and streams
B. agricultural land
C. temperate forest
D. tropical rain forest
E. open ocean
Selection systems are timber
harvesting methods that ____.
A. are ecologically harmless
B. very popular with timber
companies
C. leave seed-producing or mature
trees
D. are the most cost efficient in the
short term
E. have the greatest impacts on
forest ecosystems
Plants of the arctic tundra are adapted
to
A. freezing temperatures, lack of
sunlight, and constant high winds.
B. freezing temperatures, lack of
water, and lack of sunlight.
C. moderate temperatures, lack of
sunlight, and constant high winds.
D. freezing temperatures, lack of
water, and bright sunlight.
E. freezing temperatures, lack of
water, and variable winds.
Most of the wetlands that are
lost are used for
A. mining.
B. recreation.
C. forestry.
D. urban development.
E. agriculture.
In lakes, the nutrient-rich water
near the shore is part of the
A. limnetic zone.
B. benthic zone.
C. profundal zone.
D. abyssal zone.
E. littoral zone.
Forests reach their greatest
ecological complexity when ____.
A. they are frequently logged using
clear-cutting
B. in the early stages of recovering
from logging
C. shrubs and other ground cover
plants are absent
D. they are frequently burned
E. they are mature and exhibit a
multi-level canopy
All of the following are examples
of sustainability EXCEPT
A. Renewable Energy
B. Population Stabilization
C. Urban Development
D. Climate Control
E. Water Conservation
A group of individuals of the
same species occupying a given
area at the same time is called a
A. species
B. population
C. community
D. genus
E. subspecies
A _____ feedback loop causes a
system to change further in the
same direction.
A. Negative
B. Corrective
C. Nominal
D. Positive
E. Polarized
The major cause of decreased
inland wetland areas in the United
States is:
A.the internal combustion engine
automobile
B.chlorofluorocarbons in cleaning
solvents
C.agricultural practices and
approaches
D.sulfur dioxide from coal-fired
power plants
E.forestry and mining practices
Estuaries exhibit
A. constant temperature.
B. variable temperature and
constant salinity.
C. constant temperature and
salinity.
D. variable temperature and
salinity.
E. constant temperature and
variable salinity.