Digestion and Absorption of the Food Nutrients
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Transcript Digestion and Absorption of the Food Nutrients
Digestion and Absorption of
the Food Nutrients
Chapter 3
Part 3
GI Tract Disorders
Factors influencing GI function
Emotional state
Intestinal cramping, queasy stomach
Exercise - moderate
Reduces liver disease
Gallstones
Constipation
Colon cancer
GI Tract Disorders
Factors influencing GI function
Exercise – high intensity
GERD
Hiatal hernia
Irritable bowel syndrome
Viral gastroenteritis
GI Tract Disorders
More frequent in women
Common in young athletes
Infrequent in gliding movement sports
Cycling
Serious medical conditions
GI Tract Disorders
Constipation
Defecation habits are different among people.
Difficult or infrequent evacuation
Many causes are possible.
Ignoring normal urges
Muscle spasms
Slows feces movement
Certain medications and supplements
Antacids, calcium, iron
GI Tract Disorders
Constipation
Colonic irrigation is the internal washing of the
large intestine and can be hazardous.
Strategies
High-fiber diet
Increased fluids
Exercise regularly.
Respond quickly to the urge to defecate.
GI Tract Disorders
Laxatives
Can work on the intestinal nerve plexus or mucosal surface
Bulk producing laxatives
Stool softeners
Milk of magnesia
Hyperosmotic agents
Dulcolax
Hydrating agents
Bran
Glycerol
Draw water into the large intestine
Regular use can be harmful
Decreases muscle action of large intestine
GI Tract Disorders
Belching and Gas
Strategies
Eat slowly.
Chew thoroughly.
Relax while eating.
Watch bothersome foods.
Hiccups are triggered by eating or
drinking too fast.
GI Tract Disorders
Hemorrhoids may be a problem.
Swollen veins of the rectum and anus
Intense pressure and straining
Dietary recommendation:
Fiber and fluid
GI Tract Disorders
Diarrhea: 2009-1.5 million deaths
worldwide
Frequent, loose, watery stools
Irritable bowel syndrome or colitis
Infections-bacteria, viruses
Cause excess intestinal secretions
GI Tract Disorders
Types of Diarrhea
Secretory
Osmotic
Increased motility, diabetic neuropathy
Inflammatory
Crohn’s disease (blood in bowel)
Motility related
Lactose intolerance, high sugar solutions (particularly during ex.)
Exudative
Increased secretion or reduced absorption of fluids
Cholera (secretes Cl- into intestinal lumen, Na+ follows)
Infections
Dysentery
Blood in stool, caused by salmonella poisoning, for ex.
GI Tract Disorders
Diverticulosis
Diverticulitis
Intestinal walls weaken and bulge. The
bulging pockets are called diverticula
Worsened condition – inflammation
Requires intervention - surgery
Increase fiber intake
GI Tract Disorders
Heartburn
Lower esophageal sphincter – relaxes
Reflux
Painful
Acid from stomach reaches esophagus and irritates
lining
GI Tract Disorders
Heartburn and Acid Indigestion
Strategies
Small meals
Liquids between meals
Sit up while eating.
Wait 1 hour after eating before lying down.
Wait 2 hours after eating before exercising.
Refrain from tight-fitting clothing.
Avoid bothersome foods.
Refrain from tobacco use.
Lose weight if overweight.
GI Tract Disorders
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
(GERD)
Backward flow of stomach contents into
the esophagus.
Exercise exacerbates GERD
> 60% athletes
Worst in weightlifters
Mild in endurance runners
GI Tract Disorders
Antacids and acid controllers may help
indigestion.
4 hr from evening meal to bed
Avoid exercising after eating
Avoid foods that relax sphincter
Chocolate, peppermint, coffee, alcohol,
tobacco,
GI Tract Disorders
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Symptoms
Cramps, bloating, increased frequency, diarrhea,
constipation
Causes
Altered intestinal peristalsis
Decrease pain threshold
GI Tract Disorders
Individualized treatment
Elimination diet-dairy, gas-forming foods
(cabbage, beans), some fruit-grapes,
cherries
high fiber foods
Moderate caffeine, avoid dairy
Low-fat, small, frequent meals
Stress reduction
Choking
Food becomes lodged in the trachea.
The larynx cannot make sounds.
The Heimlich maneuver may need to be
used.
Strategies
Small bites
Chew thoroughly.
Don’t talk or laugh with food in the mouth.
Don’t eat when breathing hard.
Ulcers
Peptic ulcer
Area of GI tract eroded by gastric acid,
pepsin
Exposes nerves
15% stomach
85% duodenal
Diet
Soluble fiber – fruits, vegetables: protective
Refined sugar: increases risk
Ulcers
Treatment
Antibiotics
Helicobacter pylori
Proton pump (H+) inhibitors
Cause of most ulcers
Keep HCL from forming
Antacids
Neutralize stomach acids
Vomiting
Body’s adaptive mechanism
Dehydration is a concern.
May be self-induced as in eating
disorders