Transcript 1a. Describe the general trend of human population growth over time.

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Biosphere Observations
p. 145 A.Q. 1ab, 2ac
1a. Describe the general trend of human population growth over time.
1a. The general trend of human population growth over time is that for tens
of thousands of years, the human population grew very slowly. Then, about
500 years ago, the population started to grow exponentially and increased
dramatically. The growth rate slowed in the second half of the twentieth
century; the population is still growing, but at a slower rate.
1b. What factors contributed to the pattern of growth shown in figure 5-11?
1b. Factors that contributed to the pattern of growth shown include harsh
living conditions that resulted in high death rates that occurred through most
of human history. Rapid population growth occurred when advances, such as
improved nutrition, healthcare, and sanitation, decreased the death rate.
p. 145 A.Q. 1ab, 2ac
2a. Why do populations in different countries grow at different rates?
2a. Populations in different countries grow at different rates because they
have different birthrates, death rates, and age structures.
2c. Are age-structured diagrams useful in predicting future population
trends?
2c. Your answer here!
p. 141 A.Q. 1ab, 2b, 4
1a. What is a limiting factor?
1a. A limiting factor is a factor that controls the growth of a population.
1b. How do limiting factors affect the growth of populations?
1b. Limiting factors affect the growth of populations by determining the
carrying capacity of environments for populations.
2b. What is the relationship between competition and population size?
2b. The relationship between competition and population size is that
competition between individuals increases as population size increases.
4.
Study the factors that limit population growth in figure 5-6. Classify
each factor as biotic or abiotic.
4. Biotic factors in the figure include competition, predation, parasitism, and
disease. Unusual weather and natural disasters are abiotic factors.
p. 148 #9, 10, 13, 15
9. What is carrying capacity? Give an example.
9. Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a
particular species a particular environment can support. One is
example is how many reindeer can live on St. Paul Island continuously.
10. How is the carrying capacity of a city’s roads similar to the
carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
10. The carrying capacity of a city’s roads and the carrying capacity of
an ecosystem are similar because they are both limited by the
resources available. In the case of a city’s roads, the carrying
capacity depends on factors such as the number and width of
roads and the number of intersections. In an ecosystem, the
carrying capacity depends on factors such as the amount of space
and food.
p. 148 #9, 10, 13, 15
13. How might increasing the amount of a limiting nutrient in a pond
affect the carrying capacity of the pond?
13. Increasing the availability of a limiting nutrient would increase the
carrying capacity of the pond.
15. Describe how a predator-prey relationship can control both the
predator population and the prey population.
15. A predator-prey relationship can be a mechanism of population
control for both species. The population size of predators is limited by
the number of prey available to eat. In turn, the number of prey is
limited by the predation.
Types of Growth
Exponential: Unrestricted Growth
Logistic: Restricted Growth
Examples?
Examples?
J-shaped curve
S-shaped curve
Types of Populations
Open: Emigration &
Immigration Can Occur
Examples?
Closed: No Emigration
& Immigration
Examples?
Before Quiz:
- Complete Scantron info;
subject = Populations
During Quiz:
- Test dividers up until
everyone is done
- May use reindeer (2.2),
yeast (2.1), and vocab
sheet
- Don’t write on quiz
After Quiz:
- Turn in quizzes IN ORDER
up front (1’s go on top)
- Turn in 2.2 & 2.1
- Leave dividers up
- Productive time: work on
unit 2 vocab sheet
- NO ELECTRONICS!
Unit 2 Vocabulary
9.
Rate (of growth)- how fast a
population increases or decreases in
size during a given time period;
expressed as a percentage
Unit 2 Vocabulary
9.
Rate (of growth)- how fast a
population increases or decreases in
size during a given time period;
expressed as a percentage
10. Human population growth- how our
population size is increasing rapidly
Unit 2 Vocabulary
17. Food calorie (kilocalorie)- a measure of the energy stored in food; actually
1000 calories in terms of chemistry
Unit 2 Vocabulary
17. Malnourished- affected by improper nutrition; missing key nutrients, variety
in diet
18. Undernourished- having insufficient food
Unit 2 Vocabulary
30. Pyramid of numbers- shows the
relative number of individual
organisms at each trophic level in an
ecosystem
31. Pyramid of mass (pyramid of
biomass)- shows the relative
amount of matter contained
within each trophic level
Unit 2 Vocabulary
32. Pyramid of energy- shows
the relative amount of energy
contained within each trophic
level
33. 10% rule- only 10% of energy
is transferred from one trophic
level to another; the rest is lost,
especially as heat
Unit 2 Vocabulary
36. Primary productivity- a measure of the synthesis of compounds like sugar;
usually happens through photosynthesis
a. Gross primary productivity- how much chemical energy producers create in a given amount
of time
Unit 2 Vocabulary
36. Primary productivity- a measure of the synthesis of compounds like sugar;
usually happens through photosynthesis
a. Gross primary productivity- how much chemical energy producers create in a given amount
of time
b. Net primary productivity- how much chemical energy producers create after subtracting
what chemical energy the producers use themselves