Transcript Tuesday 10/30/12

Tuesday 10/30/12
A researcher observing an ecosystem
describes the amount of sunlight,
precipitation,
and type of soil present. Which factors is the
researcher most likely describing?
A. biotic factors in a forest
B. biotic factors in a tundra
C. abiotic factors in a prairie
D. abiotic factors in an ocean
C
Wednesday
10/31/12
• Scientists observed that the populations of top-level
consumers in a particular ecosystem were rapidly
decreasing. Further studies revealed that there was also a
decline in producer productivity. Which other changes
did the scientists most likely observe in the ecosystem?
• A. increased producer diversity
• B. decreased population size at all levels
• C. decreased primary consumer populations only
• D. increased primary and secondary consumer diversity
B. Key: A decline in the producers of an ecosystem will cause a decrease in all other
organisms because the producers are responsible for converting sunlight or chemical
energy into usable energy for consumers.
Thursday 11/1/12
Isle Royale is located in Lake Superior. Isle Royale is home to populations of wolves and moose.
The interactions between the wolves and moose, as well as the individual
population sizes, have been studied since 1958. The graph shows the population sizes over
time for both wolves and moose.
• Isle Royale is located in Lake Superior. Isle Royale is home to populations of wolves
• and moose. The interactions between the wolves and moose, as well as the individual
• population sizes, have been studied since 1958. The graph shows the population sizes
• over time for both wolves and moose.
Describe one limiting factor for the moose population.
Friday 11/2/12
Explain one likely reason why the wolf population
rapidly increased between 1975 and 1980.
Wednesday 11/7/12
• Predict what will happen to the moose
population’s size after 1994 by describing the
shape of the curve. In your answer, be sure to
explain the reasoning behind your prediction.
The student response correctly describes one of the limiting factors for moose on the
island, logically
explains that an increase in wolf population indicates an ample food supply for the wolves,
and correctly
predicts the shape of the curve and logically explains why the moose population might
change after 1994.
Thursday 11/8/12
• The diagram models how a poison bonds to the
active site of an enzyme. Which function is the
enzyme most likely unable to perform because of
the attachment of the poison molecule?
• A. the release of stored chemical energy
• B. the donation of electrons to the substrate
• C. the supply of activation energy for a reaction
• D. the catalysis of the reaction with the substrate
D. Key: Most enzymes react with only one reactant, so when a poison blocks the acti ve site,
the enzyme can no longer bond with the substrate, causing the chemical reacti on to stop.
Friday 11/9/12
The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes at different
temperatures.
Which statement best describes what happens to the enzyme when
the temperature of the reaction increases to 63°C?
A. The enzyme is used up and the reaction stops.
B. The enzyme begins to decrease the rate of the reaction.
C. The enzyme continues to increase the rate of the reaction.
D. The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the
reaction.
D. Key: Enzymes have an opti mal temperature range at which they functi on; when the
temperature exceeds that range, the enzyme will denature, causing it to change its shape
and no longer be able to bind with the substrate.
Monday 11/12/12
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A scientist formed Chemical X in a laboratory. The material was then analyzed by other
scientists.
Molecular Structure
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Analysis showed that the chemical was composed of long chains of repeated copies of
CH2 molecules.
104831
A.4.1.1
9. A researcher noticed that a similar CH2 molecular structure was also located in
the plasma membrane of an animal cell. This CH2 molecular structure contained a
negatively charged phosphate group. Which statement best describes the primary
function of the CH2 and phosphate molecular structure located in the plasma
membrane?
A. It contains the genetic information needed for protein production.
B. It catalyzes specifi c chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell.
C. It stores the energy that a cell needs to perform various life processes.
D. It allows a cell to regulate the movement of materials into and out of a cell.
Tuesday 11/13/12
• Which type of organic molecule was most
likely formed by the scientist in the
laboratory?
• A. lipid
• B. protein
• C. nucleic acid
• D. carbohydrate
Wednesday 11/14/12
• Proteins are a major part of every living cell
and have many different functions within each
cell.
Describe the general composition of a protein
molecule.
Thursday 11/15/12
• Carbohydrates also perform numerous roles in
living things.
• Describe how the structures of proteins differ
from the structures of carbohydrates.
Friday 11/16/12
Describe how the functions of proteins differ
from the functions of carbohydrates.
Monday 11/ 19
• Students’ Observations of a Pond Ecosystem
Quantitative
Qualitative
37 fish and 3 frogs
Leaves lie on the bottom of the pond.
2 types of aquatic grass
Water insects move along the water’s
surface.
12 small rocks and 1 medium rock
All 3 frogs are sitting on a pond bank.
A group of students measured a ten-square-meter section of a pond
ecosystem and recorded observations. Which statement is a testable
hypothesis?
• A. The frogs living in the pond represent a population.
• B. Water is an abiotic component in the pond ecosystem.
• C. If the fish are given more food, then they will be happier.
• D. If the frogs are startled, then they will jump into the water.
11/20/12 Tuesday
• Why might growth slow from an exponential
rate in a population of sheep?
• (A) Disease
• (B) Lack of space
• (C) Wolves
• (D) All of the above
• (E) None of the above
11/21/12 Wednesday
• What is a relationship in which two organisms
both benefit from their association?
• (A) Symbiosis
• (B) Mutualism
• (C) Commensalism
• (D) Parasitism
• (E) Competition
11/27/12 Tuesday
Why is energy lost as it moves from producers
to primary consumers?
• (A) Saprophytic activity
• (B) Biomass decreases
• (C) Secondary consumers eat primary
consumers
• (D) Respiration and metabolic activity
• (E) None of the above
11/ 28/ 12 Wednesday
• Which of the following organisms participate
in the nitrogen cycle?
• (A) Denitrifying bacteria
• (B) Chemosynthetic bacteria
• (C) Saprophytes
• (D) All of the above
• (E) None of the above
Thursday 11/29/12
• Which of the following releases carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere?
• (A) Animal consumption of producers
• (B) Photosynthesis
• (C) Chemosynthesis
• (D) Bacterial decay
• (E) None of the above
Monday 12/3
• A species of snapping turtles has a tongue that
resembles a worm. The tongue is used to
attract small fish. Which best describes the
interaction between the fish and the snapping
turtle?
• A. predation
• B. symbiosis
• C. parasitism
• D. competition
12/4/12 Tuesday
• In a plains community, the population with
greatest biomass would be
• (A) hawks
• (B) foxes
• (C) prairie dogs
• (D) grasses
• (E) beetles
12/5 Wednesday
• Which sequence correctly describes the flow
of energy between organisms in a marine
food web?
seal
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penguin sea bird
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small fish
whale
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krill
• A. from seals to penguins to krill
• B. from whales to krill to small fish
• C. from sea birds to seals to penguins
• D. from small fish to penguins to seals
12/6 Thursday
• Which statement correctly describes how
nitrogen in the soil returns to the atmosphere?
• A. soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
• B. Decomposers directly convert ammonium into
nitrogen gas
• C. Plants assimilate nitrites & convert them into
nitrogen gas
• D. Nitrogen fixing bacteria in plant roots convert
nitrates into nitrogen gas.
12/7 Friday
• Agricultural runoff can carry fertilizers into lakes
& streams. This runoff can cause algae
populations to increase. Which effect does this
change in the algae population sizes most likely
have on affected lakes & streams?
• A. increase in water level
• B. increase in water clarity
• C. reduction in dissolved oxygen needed by fish
• D. reduction in temperature variations near the
water’s surface
Monday 12/10
• If the flow of energy in an Arctic ecosystem goes
through a simple food chain from seaweeds to
fish to seals to polar bears, then which of the
following is TRUE?
A. Polar bears can provide more food for
Eskimos than seals can.
B. The total energy content of the seaweeds is
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lower than that of the seals.
C. Polar bear meat probably contains the
highest concentrations of fat-soluble toxins.
D. Seals are more numerous than fish.
E. The carnivores can provide more food for
the Eskimos than the herbivores can.
Tuesday 12/11
• All of the following are likely results of landclearing operations such as deforestation and
agricultural activity EXCEPT:
A. Destruction of plant and animal habitats.
B. Erosion of soil due to increased water
runoff.
C.Leaching of minerals from the soil.
D.Rapid eutrophication of streams and lakes.
E.Decreased carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
12/12 Wednesday
• Human use of prokaryotic organisms to help
detoxify a polluted wetland would be an
example of:
A. Ecosystem augmentation.
B. Keystone species introduction.
C. Biological control.
D. Bioremediation.
E. Population viability analysis.
12/13 Thursday
• The diagram below represents a food web for a
particular terrestrial ecosystem. Each letter is a
species. The arrows represent energy flow. Answer
the following questions concerning this figure.
• Which species is the producer?
12/14 Friday
The diagram below represents a food web for a
particular terrestrial ecosystem. Each letter is a
species. The arrows represent energy flow. Answer
the following questions concerning this figure.
Which species is most likely the decomposer?
12/17 Monday
The diagram below represents a food web for a
particular terrestrial ecosystem. Each letter is a
species. The arrows represent energy flow. Answer
the following questions concerning this figure.
A toxic pollutant would probably reach its highest
concentration in which species?
12/18 Tuesday
The diagram below represents a food web for a
particular terrestrial ecosystem. Each letter is a
species. The arrows represent energy flow. Answer the
following questions concerning this figure.
Excluding the decomposer, biomass would probably be
smallest for which species?
12/19 Wednesday
• A typical pyramid of energy has a broad base
tapering to a narrow top. The primary reason for
this pattern is that:
A. Secondary consumers require less energy
than producers.
B. At each step, energy is lost from the system
as a result of keeping the organisms alive.
C. As materials pass through ecosystems,
some of them are lost to the environment.
D. Biomagnification of toxic materials limits
the secondary and tertiary consumers.
E. Secondary consumers have a more general
diet than primary producers.
12/20 Thursday
Which of the following statements about the ozone
layer are true:
A. The ozone layer has been eroded by the release of
chloroflourocarbons.
B. The ozone layer is thinnest at the equator.
C. Ozone caused by automobile emissions is slowly
replacing lost ozone at higher atmospheres.
D. The release of pollutants from manufacturing
sources had destroyed the ozone layer directly over
major industrial centers.
E. Deforestation and "slash and burn" land clearing
are responsible for most of the ozone layer depletion
seen today.
1/2 Wednesday
• Differentiate between a food chain
and a food web. Which is more likely
to exist in nature?
1/3 Thursday
• Which characteristic is shared by all
prokaryotes & eukaryotes?
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A. ability to store hereditary info
B. use of organelles to control cell processes
C. use of cellular respiration for energy release
D. ability to move in response to
environmental stimuli
1/4 Friday
• Which statement best describes an effect of
the low density of frozen water in a lake?
• A. When water freezes, it contracts,
decreasing the water level in a lake.
• B. Water in a lake freezes from the bottom up,
killing most aquatic animals.
• C. When water in a lake freezes, it floats,
providing insulation for organisms below.
• D. Water removes thermal energy from the
land around a lake, causing the lake to freeze.
1/7 Monday
• Which statement best describes a difference
between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
• A. The presence of both DNA and ribosomes in
prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more
complex than eukaryotic cells.
• B. The larger size of prokaryotic cells indicates
that they are more complex than eukaryotic cells.
• C. The presence of membrane-bound organelles
in eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more
complex than prokaryotic cells.
• D. The larger size of eukaryotic cells indicates that
they are more complex than prokaryotic cells.
1/8 Tuesday
• Which component of this membrane contains
a hydrophobic region and acts as the primary
barrier to most foreign substances?
• A. protein
• B. cholesterol
• C. carbohydrate chain
• D. phospholipid bilayer
1/9 Wednesday
• Scientists observed that the populations of toplevel consumers in a particular ecosystem were
rapidly decreasing. Further studies revealed that
there was also a decline in producer
productivity. Which other changes did the
scientists most likely observe in the ecosystem?
• A. increased producer diversity
• B. decreased population size at all levels
• C. decreased primary consumer populations only
• D. increased primary and secondary consumer
diversity
1/10 Thursday
• The structure found in ALL cells that encloses
a cell from the outside is the ______.
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A. Cytosol
B. Cell wall
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Cell membrane
1/11 Friday
• Due to having less items in the cell, and less
complex, ________ are usually smaller
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A. Prokaryotes
B. Eukaryotes
C. Both
D. Neither
1/14 Monday
• The function of the nucleus is to:
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A. make the cell bigger
B. make proteins
C. surround and protect the cell
D. surround and protect DNA
1/15 Tuesday
• Which of the following correctly matches a
cell part with its function?
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A. mitochondria...photosynthesis
B. nucleus...make ATP
C. vesicle/vacuole...storage
D. lysosome...movement
1/16 Wednesday
• This cell barrier refers to the "fluid mosaic
mode" and is highly selective about what
passes through
• A. gap junction
• B. cell wall
• C. nuclear membrane
• D. cell membrane
1/17 Thursday
• The diffusion of water across a membrane is
known as:
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A. facilitated diffusion
B. active transport
C. osmosis
D. diffusion
1/18 Friday
Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes
or eukaryotes. Which two structures are
common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
A. Cell wall and nucleus
B. Cell wall and chloroplast
C. plasma membrane and nucleus
D. plasma membrane and cytoplasm
1/22 Tuesday
1/23 Wednesday
1/24 Thursday
1/25 Friday
• Which statement best compares the energy
transformations of photosynthesis and
cellular respiration?
• A. Only photosynthesis uses oxygen to create
energy.
• B. Only photosynthesis causes an increase in
kinetic energy.
• C. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both
store energy in chemical bonds. *
• D. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both
require chemical energy to make food.
Tail length in mice varies within a population. Scientists observed change in the
distribution of tail lengths in a mouse population over time. At the genetic level,
what has most likely happened to the allele for the shortest tail lengths?
A. The allele changed from being dominant to being recessive.
B. The allele changed from being autosomal to being sex-linked.
C. The allele became less frequent than the alleles for longer tail lengths.
D. The allele began to code for long tail lengths instead of the shortest ones.
Thursday 11/ 29