Transcript Conservation Powerpoint

Chapter 50
Conservation
Biology
Outline
Conservation
Biology
Conservation Biology & Biodiversity
Extinction Rates
Value of Biodiversity
Direct Value
Indirect Value
Causes of Extinction
Habitat Loss
Alien Species
Pollution
Overexploitation
Conservation Techniques
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Conservation Biology
and Biodiversity
Conservation
Biology
Considers all aspects of biodiversity
General goal is conserving natural resources for
this and future generations
Primary goal is the management of biodiversity
for sustainable use by humans
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Conservation
Biology
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Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
Conservation biology supports certain ethical
principles
Biodiversity is desirable for the biosphere
Extinctions due to human actions are undesirable
Ecosystem interactions supporting biodiversity
are desirable
Biodiversity brought about by evolutionary
change has value in and of itself
Biodiversity
Conservation
Biology
At its simplest level, biodiversity is the variety of
species on Earth
Estimated that between 5 and 15 million species
currently exist
Genetic diversity refers to variations among the
members of a population
Community diversity increases biodiversity
Landscape diversity involves a group of
interacting ecosystems
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Number of Described Species
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Biodiversity
Conservation
Biology
Biodiversity hotspots
Contain about 20% of earth’s species
Represent only about 1% of earth’s land area
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Eagles and Bears Feed on Spawning Salmon 8
Value of Biodiversity
Direct Value
 Medicinal Value
 Agricultural Value
- Crops
- Biological Pest Controls
- Pollinators
 Consumptive Use Value
- Wood
- Skins
Conservation
Biology
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Direct Value of Wildlife
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Value of Biodiversity
Indirect Value
 Biogeochemical Cycles
 Waste Disposal
 Provision of Fresh Water
 Prevention of Soil Erosion
 Regulation of Climate
 Ecotourism
Conservation
Biology
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Indirect Value of Ecosystems
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Causes of Extinction
Conservation
Biology
Habitat Loss
Occurs in all ecosystems
Recent concern focused on tropical rain forests
and coral reefs
Habitat Fragmentation
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Habitat Loss
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Alien Species
Conservation
Biology
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Nonnative species that move, or are moved, into
a new ecosystem
Often have competitive edge against native
species
Avenues of Human Introduction
- Colonization
- Horticulture and Agriculture
- Accidental Transport
Alien Species
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Pollution
Conservation
Biology
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Any environmental change that adversely affects
living things
Acid Deposition
Eutrophication
Ozone Depletion
Organic Chemicals
Global Warming
Global Warming
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Overexploitation
Conservation
Biology
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When the harvest is so great that the population
becomes severely reduced in numbers
The market forces driving the harvest:
Exotic Pets
Hunting / Poaching
Over-Harvesting Fisheries
Trawling
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Conservation Techniques
Conservation
Biology
Habitat Preservation
Keystone Species
Metapopulations
Small populations isolated because of habitat
fragmentation
- Source Populations
- Sink Populations
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Habitat Preservation
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Conservation Techniques
Conservation
Biology
Landscape Preservation
Landscape protection for one species benefits
other wildlife in the same space
Edge Effect
The edge around a patch of habitat has
conditions different from the patch interior
Edge does not count as effective habitat for
species requiring the conditions of the interior
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Edge Effect
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Conservation Techniques
Conservation
Biology
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Computer Analyses
Gap Analysis
- Find gaps in preservation efforts
- Try to identify areas where biodiversity is high
outside of currently preserved areas
Population Viability Analysis
- Determine how much habitat a species requires to
maintain itself
Conservation Techniques
Conservation
Biology
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Habitat Restoration - Three Principles
Begin as soon as possible before remaining
fragments are lost
Once natural history is understood, use biological
techniques to mimic natural processes
Goal is sustainable usage
Restoration of the Everglades
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Review
Conservation
Biology
Conservation Biology & Biodiversity
Extinction Rates
Value of Biodiversity
Direct Value
Indirect Value
Causes of Extinction
Habitat Loss
Alien Species
Pollution
Overexploitation
Conservation Techniques
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Ending Slide Chapter 50
Conservation
Biology