Transcript Unit - Pukekohe High School

Revision Y 11
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http://www.nobraintoosmall.co.nz/students/science/NCEA_
Level1
Acids & Bases
table of ions
Balanced symbol
equations
Swap & drop
hydrogen gas + salt
formulas
carbon dioxide
+ salt + water
+ metal
+ carbonate or
+ hydrogen carbonate
Word – Types/names
equations
Salts
Metal oxides
Acids & Bases
Base
Metal
hydroxides
Acid
Indicators
+ metal oxide
Salt + water
Neutralisation
Salt + water
Ammonia
Nitric acid HNO3
Sulfuric acid H2SO4
Hydrochloric acid HCl
Carbonic acid H2CO3
table of ions
Properties
Balanced symbol
equations
Uses
Swap & drop
Elements
hydrogen
Metals
+ salt
formulas
Groups
Periods Non-metals
carbon dioxide
+ metal Word –
+ salt + water
equations
Types/names
Salts
Metal oxides
Periodic table
Metal
+ carbonate or
hydroxides
Acid
Bases
Acids & Bases
+ hydrogen carbonate
Indicators
Ammonia
pH scale Atomic Theory
+ Base
Collision Theory
+ metal oxide
Isotopes
Neutralisation
Sub-atomic
particles
Salt + water
Mass No &
Atomic No
Salt + water
Compounds
Electron
configurations
Electron shells
Ions
Bonds
Calculations: check input units,
state formula, substitute,
compute, round to significant
figures, add unit, check
Gradient
or slope
Δv
a
Δt
Mass (kg)
Area under line
= distance
Speed vs Time
Graph
Acceleration
Units
W
P
Δd
v Δt
Gradient
or slope
Speed
Distance vs
Time Graph
Mechanics
Work (J)
W=Fxd
ms-2
Vector
diagrams
Fg = m x g
Weight Fg (N)
Gravitational
factor
g = 9.81 Nkg-1
Units ms-1
Friction (N)
Force
Energy (J)
Δt
Power (W)
Δ Ekin = ½ m x v2
Kinetic
movement
radiant
sound
heat
Potential
F
m a
Units N
Pressure (Pa)
F
P A
gravitational
chemical
elastic
ΔEp= m x g x Δh
Speed
• In a defined direction = velocity v
• Units ms-1 or kmh-1
v=
d
t
d
v t
d=v x t
t=
d
v
• d = distance
t = time
v = velocity/speed
in m
in s
in m s-1
• Calculations: check input units, state formula, check
units, substitute, compute, round significant figures,
add unit.
total distance of journey
• Average speed =
total time it took
Acceleration
• The change of speed (in ms-1) per second
• Unit: ms-2 Getting these units wrong is the most frequently made mistake!
Δv = a x t
a=
Δv
t
Δv
a t
t=
Δv
a
Change in speed = Δv = vf - vi
Acceleration = a
Time for the change in speed = t
• Negative acceleration is slowing down
• Acceleration is the effect of an un-balanced
force acting on object
Force
• Force is a push or a pull
• Unit: Newton N (the weight force of a big egg)
Force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (ms-2)
F=m x a
m=
F
a
F
m a
a=
F
a
• Special case of forces:
Friction – opposing movement
Weight force – Fw = m x g Weight is measured in N
m = mass in kg
g = gravitational constant = 10 Nkg-1
Balanced Forces
Road support
(reaction force)
Opposing arrows are
the same size!
Air resistance
Friction
Thrust of motor
Weight force
If the forces are balanced:
The speed stays constant!
Balanced Forces
Friction
The skydiver will descend
at a constant velocity!
Wind gust
http://www.nobraintoosmall.co.nz/stud
ents/science/NCEA_Level1/exam_help/
pdfs/Physics_90940_mechanics_forces.
pdf#zoom=100
Weight force
Force Problems:
The wind gust will accelerate
him to the left
Energy
There are 2 types of energy:
• potential Ep = stored
• kinetic Ek = active or moving
• Unit: Joule J
• Unit: J (same units as work)
• Lifting objects:
• When objects move they
height = h in m
contain
Force = weight force Fw in N
1
m x v2
E
k= 2
gravitational potential energy
m = mass in kg
• Ep grav = h x Fw
v = velocity in ms-2
Work
• “Work done” is the amount of energy converted
• Unit: J (same units as energy)
W=F x d
F=
W
d
W
F d
d=
Work = Force x distance
W
F
• Special case of work done in lifting objects:
distance = height in m Force = weight force
work = gravitational potential energy Epot= h x Fw
• No movement – no work was done!
Pressure
• Pressure is the measure for amount of force per
area that the force is applied to.
• Unit: Pa (Pascal)
F=Px A
Force = Pressure x Area
Force
Pressure =
Area
P=
F
A
F
P A
A=
F
P
• Force is measured in N (Newtons)
• Area is measured in m2 (square metres)
Kinetic Energy Problems
• A ball weighs 20 N. It is rolling • Calculate the kinetic energy
at 2 ms-1. How much kinetic
of a 90 kg rugby player
energy does it have?
running with a velocity of 3
ms-1
• When the bike is held at 2.5 m
in the air, does it have kinetic or • What has more kinetic
potential energy?
energy, a bullet of 3 g flying
at 900 kmh-1 or a cart with a
• Do molecules with a high
mass of 6 kg travelling at a
temperature or low
-1?
speed
of
4.5
ms
temperature have a greater
kinetic energy? State why!
•
http://www.nobraintoosmall.co.nz/students/science/NCEA
_Level1/exam_help/pdfs/Physics_90940_mechanics_energ
• Kinetic energy is dependent
y.pdf#zoom=100
upon which two factors?
Work Problems
• Work is dependent
upon which three
factors?
• If you were to pick up a
bike from the ground to
2.5 m in the air how
much of a force would
you have to apply?
• If you push a 25 kg box
over a distance of 7 m
with a force of 80 N,
how much work have
you done? The
movement was at a
constant speed; how
big was the friction?
Pressure Problems
• Pressure is dependent
upon which factors?
• What is the pressure on
the floor if a cabinet
with 4 legs has a mass
of 140 kg? Each of the
legs is 2.5 cm by 2.5 cm.
• http://www.nobraintoo
small.co.nz/students/sci
ence/NCEA_Level1/exa
m_help/pdfs/Physics_9
0940_mechanics_press
ure.pdf#zoom=100
Revision Mind-Map Genetics
Predict
Genotype
Meiosis
Purpose
Draw stages
?
Location
Mitosis
Asexual
reproduction
Chromosomes
Replication
Phosphate
Sexual Reproduction
& sugar
DNA
XX or XY
22 + 1
pairs
Bases
Structure
A-T + G-C
Genetics
LadderDouble Helix
Variation
Triplets
Vocabulary
Discrete
Genetic
Applications Diseases
Continuous
Definitions
Mutation
Advantages
Examples
Disadvantages
Alleles
Genes
Pedigree
Chart
Phenotype
Cloning
Punnett
Square
Dominant or
recessive
Examples
Selective
Breeding
Carrier
Genetic
Engineering
DNA Structure and Cell
Division
• http://www.nobraintoosm
all.co.nz/students/science
/NCEA_Level1/pdfs/SCIE
NCE_AS90948_revise1.p
df#zoom=100
Monohybrid Crosses
• http://www.nobraintoosm
all.co.nz/students/science
/NCEA_Level1/pdfs/9094
8_genprobs.pdf#zoom=1
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