Transcript Final Review ppt

The SI unit of charge is the
a. ohm.
b. joule.
c. coulomb.
d. ampere.
e. newton.
ans: c
obj: 32.3 Coulomb’s Law
key: unit, charge
Kinetic energy of an object is equal to
a. its mass multiplied by its acceleration squared.
b. one half the product of its mass times its speed squared.
c. its mass multiplied by its speed.
d. one half the product of its mass times its speed.
e. its mass multiplied by its acceleration.
ans: b
obj: 9.5 kinetic energy
key: unit, charge
A girl whose weight is 500 N hangs from the middle of
a bar supported by two vertical strands of rope. What
is the tension in each strand?
a. 0N.
b. 250N.
c. 500N.
d. 750N.
e. 1000 N.
ans: b
obj: 2.2 mechanical equilibrium
key: weight, tension
A sportscar has a mass of 1500 kg and accelerates at
5 meters per second squared. What is the magnitude
of the force acting on the sportscar?
a. 300N.
b. 1500 N.
c. 2250 N.
d. 7500 N.
e. none of the above
ans: d
obj: 6.3 newton’s send law of motion
key: mass
A girl pulls on a 10-kg wagon with a constant force of
20 N. What is the wagon's acceleration?
a. 0.5m/s2
b. 2 m/s2
c. 10 m/s2
d. 20 m/s2
e. 200 m/s2
ans: b
obj: 6.3 newton’s second law of motion
key: acceleration, force
The higher the satellite is, the ______
a. less its speed is
b. greater its speed is
c. longer its period is
d. both A and C
e. both B and C
ans: d
obj: 14.2 circular orbits
key: satellite, speed, distance
When resistors are put in series next to each other, their
overall resistance is
a. the same as the resistance of one of the resistors.
b. larger than the resistance of any individual resistor.
c. smaller than the resistance of any of the resistors.
ans: b
obj: 35.3 series circuit
key: resistor, series
A frictionless inclined plane is 8.0 m long and rests on
a wall that is 2.0 m high. How much force is needed
to push a block of ice weighing 300.0 N up the plane?
a. 37.5 N
b. 75.0 N
c. 100.0 N
d. 300.0 N
e. 600.0 N
ans: b
obj: 9.8 machines
key: incline, plane, force
The total resistance of a 10-ohm resistor and a 7-ohm
resistor in series is
a. 2 ohms.
b. 3 ohms.
c. 7 ohms.
d. 17 ohms.
e. 70 ohms.
ans: d
obj: 35.6 combining resistors in a compound circuit
key: resistor, series
Suppose a moving car has 3000 J of kinetic energy. If
the car's speed doubles, how much kinetic energy will
it then have?
a. 1000 J
b. 1500J
c. 3000 J
d. 6000J
e. 12,000 J
ans: e
obj: 9.5 kinetic energy
key: kinetic, speed
Coulomb's law says that the force between any two charges
depends
a. directly on the size of the charges.
b. inversely on the square of the distance between the charges.
c. both A and B
d. none of the above
ans: c
obj: 32.3 coulomb’s law
key: coulomb, charge
In 2004, the number of electrons delivered to an
average American home by an average power utility
was
a. zero.
b. 110.
c. 220.
d. billions of billions.
e. none of the above
ans: a
obj: 34.10 source of electrons in a circuit
key: electrons, utility, power
If you plug an electric toaster rated at 110 V into a
220-V outlet, current in the toaster will be
a. twice what it should be.
b. the same as if it were plugged into 110 V.
c. half what it should be.
d. more than twice what it should be.
e. none of the above
ans: a
obj: 34.5 ohm’s law
key: current, voltage
What is the maximum resultant possible when
adding a 2-N force to an 8-N force?
a. 2N
b. 6N
c. 8N
d. 10N
e. 16N
ans: d
obj: 2.1 force
key: force, resultant
When a wave passes through an opening, some
of the wave is bent. This phenomenon is called
a. polarization.
b. reflection.
c. diffraction.
d. refraction.
e. interference.
ans: c
obj: 31.2 diffraction
key: wave, opening, bent, diffraction
When an object reaches terminal velocity its
acceleration is
a. 0 m/s2
b. 4.9 m/s2
c. 9.8 m/s2
ans: a
obj: 6.7 falling and air resistance
key: terminal velocity, acceleration
Acceleration is defined as
a. the rate at which distance is covered
b. the rate at which an object freely falls from
rest
c. the rate at which velocity itself changes
d. the distance an object has fallen
ans: c
obj: 4.9 how fast, how far, how quickly
key: acceleration
A diffraction grating consists of
a. many closely spaced parallel slits.
b. a criss-cross of narrow slits.
c. two closely spaced parallel slits.
d. a single narrow slit.
e. none of the above
ans: a
obj: 31.4 young’s interference experiment
key: diffraction, slit
Suppose two people, one having three times the mass
of the other, pull on opposite sides of a 20-meter
rope while on frictionless ice. After a brief time, they
meet. The more massive person slides a distance of
a. 4m.
b. 5m.
c. 6m.
d. 7m.
ans: b
obj: 7.3 identifying action reaction
key: mass, force, distance
Which one of the following steps is NOT a part of the scientific
method?
a. Perform experiments to test the predictions.
b. Repeat the experiments until the answers match the predictions.
c. Formulate a general rule based on the predictions and
experimental outcome.
d. Make a guess about the answer to a problem and predict its
consequences.
e. Recognize a problem.
ans: b
obj: 1.3 scientific methods
key: scientific method
A 15-N force and a 45-N force act on an object in
opposite directions. What is the net force on the
object?
a. 15N
b. 30N
c. 45N
d. 60N
e. none of the above
ans: b
obj: 2.1 force
key: force, opposite
Newton hypothesized that the moon _____.
a. is a projectile
b. is falling around Earth
c. has tangential velocity that prevents it from falling into Earth
d. is actually attracted to Earth
e. all of the above
ans: e
obj: 13.2 the falling moon
key: newton, moon
An arrow in a bow has 70 J of potential energy.
Assuming no loss of energy to heat, how much kinetic
energy will it have after it has been shot?
a. 0J
b. 35J
c. 50J
d. 70J
e. 140J
ans: d
obj: 9.6 work-energy theorem
key: potential, energy, kinetic
A weight on the end of a spring bobs up and
down one complete cycle every 4.0 seconds. Its
frequency is
a. 0.25 hertz.
b. 4.0 hertz.
c. none of the above.
ans: a
obj: 25.2 wave description
key: spring, frequency
An ampere is a
a. unit of resistance
b. unit of current.
c. type of charge.
d. voltage.
e. current.
ans: b
obj: 34.2 electric current
key: ampere, unit
The law of inertia applies to
a. objects at rest.
b. moving objects.
c. both moving and nonmoving objects.
ans: c
obj: 3.4 newton’s law of inertia
key: inertia
An explosion occurs 340 km away. Given that sound
travels at 340 m/s, the time the sound takes to reach
you is
a. 10s.
b. 100s.
c. 1000s.
d. 2000s.
e. more than 2000 s.
ans: c
obj: 26.4 speed of sound
key: time, distance
A ball is thrown into the air with 100 J of kinetic
energy, which is transformed to gravitational
potential energy at the top of its trajectory. When it
returns to its original level after encountering air
resistance, its kinetic energy is
a. 100J.
b. more than 100 J.
c. less than 100 J.
d. Not enough information given.
ans: c
obj: 9.6 work-energy theorem
key: kinetic, energy, potential
The Doppler effect is the change in observed
frequency due to
a. the original frequency of the source.
b. the type of medium the wave is in.
c. the motion of the source or observer.
d. the type of wave.
e. all of the above.
ans: c
obj: 25.9 the doppler-effect
key: doppler, frequency
If you double the frequency of a vibrating
object, its period
a. halves.
b. is quartered.
c. doubles.
ans: a
obj: 25.2 wave description
key: frequency, vibrate, period
An airplane whose airspeed is 295 km/h flies
parallel to the direction of a wind with a speed
of 40.0 km/h. What are the two possible speeds
of the plane relative to the ground?
a. 255 km/h
b. 335 km/h
c. 11800 km/h
d. a. and b.
ans: d
obj: 5.2 velocity and vectors
key: vector, speed
A pulsating electric field can travel through a
wire at a speed of
a. less than 1 cm/s.
b. about 100 cm/s.
c. the speed of sound waves in metal.
d. nearly the speed of light.
ans: d
obj: 34.9 the speed of electrons in a circuit
key: pulsating, field, sound
In a good insulator, electrons are usually
a. not moving at all
b. free to move around after an impurity has
been added.
c. free to move around.
d. tightly bound in place.
e. semi-free to move around.
ans: d
obj: 32.4 conductors and insulators
key: insulator, electron
Which one of the following problems would NOT be a part of physics?
a. Calculating the average density of a person
b. Calculating the amount of energy a person uses while listening to a
lecture
c. Calculating the instantaneous velocity of an accelerating car
d. Identifying all the forces acting on a person who is walking uphill
e. Identifying all the bones in a human body
ans: e
obj: 1.1 the basics science-physics
key: physics, science
In order for there to be a flow of charge from one place to
another, there must be a
a. conductor, such as a wire, connecting the two places.
b. potential difference between the two places.
c. Both A and B above
ans: c
obj: 34.1 flow of charge
key: flow, charge
A ball is thrown straight up. At the top of its
path its instantaneous speed is
a. 0 m/s.
b. about 5 m/s.
c. about 10 m/s.
d. about 20 m/s.
e. about 50 m/s.
ans: a
obj: 4.5 free fall how fast
key: instantaneous, speed
A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. In
the absence of air resistance, the speed of the ball when caught
would be
a. less than the speed it had when thrown upwards.
b. more than the speed it had when thrown upwards.
c. the same as the speed it had when thrown upwards.
ans: c
obj: 4.5 free fall: how fast
key: air, resistance, speed
A pencil lies on your desk. If the Earth is moving around the sun at
a speed of 30 km/s, how fast is the pencil moving relative to the
desk? How fast is the pencil moving relative to the sun?
a. 0 km/s; 0 km/s
b. 0 km/s; 30 km/s
c. 30 km/s; 30 km/s
d. There is not enough information to answer these questions.
ans: b
obj: 4.1 motion is relative
key: motion, relative
Sound waves in air are a series of
a. periodic disturbances.
b. periodic condensations and rarefactions.
c. high- and low-pressure regions.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
ans: d
obj: 26.2 sound in air
key: sound, pressure, disturbance
The gravitational force between two massive spheres
a. is always an attraction.
b. depends on how massive they are.
c. depends inversely on the square of the distances between them.
d. all of the above
ans: d
obj: 13.4 newton’s law of universal gravitation
key: gravity, sphere
An unfortunate bug splatters against the windshield of
a moving car. Compared to the deceleration of the car,
the deceleration of the bug is
a. larger.
b. the same.
c. smaller.
ans: a
obj: 7.3 identifying action and reaction
key: acceleration
Suppose the gravitational force between two massive spheres is
100 N. If the distance between the spheres is doubled, what is
the force between the masses?
a. 400N
b. 200N
c. 100N
d. 50N
e. 25N
ans: e
obj: 13.5 gravity & distance: the inverse square law
key: sphere, gravity
A tennis ball and a solid steel ball with the same
diameter are dropped at the same time. Which ball has
the greater force acting on it?
a. The steel ball
b. The tennis ball
c. They both have the same force acting on them.
ans: a
obj: 6.6 free fall explained
key: force, mass
A train travels 6 meters in the first second of travel, 6 meters again
during the second second of travel, and 6 meters again during the
third second. Its acceleration is
a. 0 m/s2.
b. 6 m/s2.
c. 12 m/s2.
d. 18 m/s2.
e. none of the above
ans: a
obj: 4.4 acceleration
key: acceleration
If you wished to produce a sound with a
wavelength in air equal to the length of a 5-m
room, what would its frequency be?
ans: 68 Hz
obj: 26.4 speed of sound
key: wavelength, frequency
Heat travels from the sun to Earth by
a. conduction.
b. radiation.
c. convection.
d. insulation.
e. vacuumization.
ans: b
obj: 22.1 conduction
key: heat, radiation, sun
Electromagnetic waves with higher frequencies
have wavelengths that are
a. shorter.
b. longer.
ans: a
obj: 27.3 electromagnetic waves
key: frequency, wavelength
Two forces of 10 N both act on an object. The
angle between the forces is 90°. What is the
magnitude of their resultant?
ans: 14N
obj: 2.3 support force
key: force, resultant
A woman's hair stands out when she is in contact with a charged
Van de Graaff generator. The reason her hair stands out is
because
a. hair strands are at a high voltage.
b. she is in a strong electric field.
c. like charges repel.
d. hair is a good conductor.
ans: c
obj: 33.7 the van de graaff generator
key: hair, generator, charge
Which of the following is NOT an
electromagnetic wave?
a. Sound
b. Radio
c. Light
d. Infrared
e. X-ray
ans: a
obj: 27.3 electromagnetic waves
key: sound, electromagnetic
Which of the following are fundamentally different
from the others?
a. Gamma rays
b. Radio waves
c. Sound waves
d. Light waves
e. X-rays
ans: c
obj: 27.3 electromagnetic waves
key: electromagnetic, sound, wave
The speed of a satellite in a circular orbit is _____.
a. constant
b. not constant
c. constantly increasing
ans: a
obj: 14.2 circular orbits
key: speed, satellite, orbit
A singer shattering crystal glass with her voice is a
demonstration of
a. beats.
b. sound refraction.
c. an echo.
d. interference.
e. resonance.
ans: e
obj: 26.8 resonance
key: resonance, crystal
How much force is needed to accelerate a 4.0-kg
physics book to an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2?
a. 0N
b. 2.0N
c. 0.5N
d. 8.0N
e. 24.0 N
ans: d
obj: 6.3 newton's 2nd law of motion
key: force, acceleration
Suppose you touch a negatively charged object to a metal sphere so
that electrons move from the charged object onto the sphere. After
the charged object is moved far away, electrons on the sphere will be
a. distributed in small bunches over the sphere's surface.
b. distributed evenly over the sphere's surface.
c. pulled off the sphere along with the charged object.
d. located at the place where the charged object was.
e. all of the above
ans:b
obj:33.3 Electric shielding
key:negative, electron
A clothesline is stretched between two trees. A tire
hangs in the middle of the line and the two halves of
the line make equal angles with the horizontal. The
tension in the line is
a. half the tire’s weight.
b. is less than half the tire’s weight.
c. is more than half the tire’s weight.
ans:c
obj:2.3 support force
key:tension, clothesline
As the sound of a car's horn passes and recedes from
you, the pitch of the horn seems to
a. increase.
b. stay the same.
c. decrease.
ans:c
obj:25.9 the doppler effect
key:doppler pitch
A projectile launched horizontally hits the ground in 0.8
seconds. If it had been launched with a much higher
speed in the same direction, it would have hit the
ground (neglecting Earth's curvature and air resistance)
in
a. more than 0.8 s.
b. 0.8s.
c. less than 0.8 s.
ans: b
obj:5.5 projectiles launched horizontally
key: projectile, resistance
As a pendulum swings back and forth
a. at the end points of its swing, its energy is all potential.
b. at the lowest part of its swing, its energy is all kinetic.
c. kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy.
d. potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
e. all of the above
ans:e
obj:9.6 work-energy theorem
key:pendulum, potential, kinetic
If you exert a force of 12,000 N on a 3,000 kg car and a 6,000 kg
truck that are both originally at rest, what will be the resulting
accelerations of the objects?
a. The car and the truck will both accelerate 12,000 m/s2.
b. The car will accelerate 1/4 m/s2 and the truck will accelerate 1/2 m/s2.
c. The car will accelerate 4 m/s2 and the truck will accelerate
2 m/s2.
d. The car will accelerate 36,000,000 m/s2 and the truck will accelerate
72,000,000 m/s2.
ans: c
obj: 7.4 action and reaction on different masses
key: action, reaction
One possible unit of speed is
a. miles per hour.
b. light years per century.
c. kilometers per hour.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
ans: d
obj: 4.2 speed
key: speed, unit
A book weighs 4 N. When held at rest in your hands, the
net force on the book is
a. 0N.
b. 0.4 N.
c. 4N.
d. 39N.
e. none of the above
ans: a
obj: 6.1 force causes acceleration
key: force, weight
Which of the following is NOT a transverse wave? a.
light.
b. radio wave.
c. sound.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above
ans: c
obj: 25.6 longitudinal waves
key: transverse, wave
An apple weighs 1 N. The net force on the apple when it
is in free fall is
a. 0N.
b. 0.1 N.
c. 1N.
d. 9.8 N.
e. none of the above
ans: c
obj: 6.6 free fall explained
key: free fall, force
Whenever an object exerts a force on another object,
the second object exerts a force of the same
magnitude, but in the opposite direction to that of the
first object.
a. Sometimes true
b. Always true
c. Always false
ans: b
obj: 7.2 newton's third law
key: force, opposite, magnitude
A ball is thrown into the air at some angle. At the very top of the
ball's path, its velocity is
a. entirely vertical.
b. There's not enough information given to determine.
c. both vertical and horizontal.
d. entirely horizontal.
ans: d
obj: 5.4 projectile motion
key: projectile, velocity
When a car’s speed triples, its kinetic energy
a. remains the same.
b. triples.
c. increases by four times.
d. increases by nine times.
e. none of the above
ans: d
obj: 9.5 kinetic energy
key: speed kinetic
How many joules of work are done on a box when a
force of 25 N pushes it 3 m?
a. 1J
b. 3J
c. 8J
d. 25J
e. 75J
ans: e
obj: 9.1 Work
key: joule, work, force
If the force of gravity suddenly stopped acting on the planets, they
would
a. spiral slowly towards the sun.
b. continue to orbit the sun.
c. move in straight lines tangent to their orbits.
d. spiral slowly away from the sun.
e. fly straight away from the sun.
ans: c
obj: 3.4 newton's law of inertia
key: gravity, planets
How much does a 3.0-kg bag of bolts weigh?
a. 7.2 N
b. 14.4 N
c. 22.8 N
d. 29.4 N
e. 58.8 N
ans: d
obj: 3.5 mass-a measure of inertia
key: weight, newtons
Compared to the wavelength of ultraviolet waves, the
wavelength of infrared waves is
a. the same.
b. shorter.
c. longer.
ans: c
obj: 27.3 electromagnetic waves
key: wavelength
A radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 600 kHz. Knowing that
radio waves have a speed of 3.00 × 108 m/s, what is the wavelength
of these waves?
a. 500m
b. 2 x 10-108
c. 1.8 x 10114
ans: a
obj:25.4 wave speed
key: radio, speed
Sound waves cannot travel in
a. steel.
b. air.
c. a vacuum.
d. water.
e. Sound can travel in all of the above.
ans: c
obj: 26.3 media that transmit sound
key: vacuum, travel
The unit of the period of a wave is the hertz.
a. True
b. False
ans: b. False
obj: 25.1 vibration of a pendulum
key: period, hertz
How much work is done on a 20-N crate that you lift 2
m?
a. 0J
b. 1J
c. 2J
d. 20J
e. 40J
ans: e
obj: 9.1 work
key: lift, work, distance
Electromagnetic waves are
a. transverse waves.
b. longitudinal waves.
ans: a
obj: 27.7 polarization
key: electromagnetic waves
The law of inertia states that an object
a. will continue moving at the same velocity unless an outside force
acts on it.
b. will continue moving in a straight line unless an outside force acts
on it.
c. that is not moving will never move unless a force acts on it.
d. at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force.
e. will do all of the above.
ans: e
obj: 3.4 newton's law of inertia
key: inertia, force
Sound is an example of a
a. longitudinal wave.
b. constructive wave.
c. Doppler wave.
d. transverse wave.
e. standing wave.
ans: a
obj: 25.6 longitudinal waves
key: sound, wave
If the mass of Earth increased, with no change in
radius, your weight would _____.
a. stay the same
b. decrease
c. increase also
ans: c
obj: 13.4 newton's law of universal gravitation
key: mass, earth, radius
A scientific hypothesis may turn out to be right or it
may turn out to be wrong. If it is a valid hypothesis,
there must be a test for proving that it is
a. right.
b. wrong.
ans: b
obj: 1.5 scientific hypotheses
key: hypothesis, scientific method
How much (in newtons) does a 10.0-kg bag of grass
seed weigh?
a. 19.81m/s2
b. 98.1 N
c. 9.81 N
ans: b
obj: 3.5 mass-a measure of inertia
key: weight, newton's
What would a person who weighs 610 N on Earth weigh on a
planet that has the same mass as Earth but half its radius?
a. 2,440 N
b. 610 N
c. 1,220 N
d. 305 N
e. 93,025 N
ans: a
obj: 13.5 gravity and distanceL the inverse-square law
key: earth, radius, weight
The reason an ocean's temperature doesn't vary much from one
season to the next is that _____.
a. oceans are located in mild regions of the Earth
b. oceans are located next to large land areas
c. water has a high specific heat capacity
d. water has a low specific heat capacity
e. there are a lot of fish in the oceans
ans: c
obj: 21.7 the high specific heat capacity of water
key: temperature, ocean, specific heat
You are helping your aunt move a piano on wheels from one room to
another. When you push the piano horizontally, it moves at constant
speed. What can you say about the piano?
a. It is in static equilibrium.
b. It is in dynamic equilibrium.
c. It is in equilibrium because it doesn’t experience a friction force.
d. It is in equilibrium because it experiences net force opposite to
the friction force.
ans: b
obj: 2.4 equilibrium for moving objects
key: equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium, static equilibrium
What is needed to describe a vector quantity?
a. only magnitude
b. only direction
c. both magnitude and direction
d. neither magnitude nor direction
ans: c
obj: 2.5 vectors
key: vector, magnitude
The time needed for a wave to make one complete cycle is its
a. frequency.
b. velocity.
c. amplitude.
d. period.
e. wavelength.
ans: d
obj: 25.1 vibration of a pendulum
key: time, period
If Earth's mass decreased to one half its original mass, with no
change in radius, then your weight would _____.
a. stay the same
b. decrease to one half your original weight
c. decrease to one quarter your original weight
d. none of the above
ans: b
obj: 13.4 newton's law of universal gravitation
key: mass, earth, radius
If you stood atop a ladder on Earth that was as tall as Earth's radius
(so you were twice as far from Earth's center) your weight atop the
ladder would be _____.
a. one-eighth its normal value
b. one-quarter its normal value
c. half its normal value
d. none of the above
ans: b
obj: 13.5 gravity & distance
key: radius, weight
True/False. When scientific findings are
expressed mathematically, they are easier to
verify or disprove by experiment.
ans: T
obj:1.2 mathematics, the language of science
key: science, experiment
The main difference between a radio wave and a
light wave is its
a. speed.
b. wavelength.
c. both A and B
d. none of the above.
ans: b
obj: 27.3 electromagnetic waves
key: radio, light
Noise-canceling earphones are an example of
a. constructive interference.
b. destructive interference.
c. beats.
d. resonance.
ans: b
obj: 26.9 interference
key: cancel, noise, interference
A person is attracted towards the center of Earth
by a 440-N gravitational force. The force with
which Earth is attracted toward the person is
a. 440N.
b. very very small.
c. very very large.
ans:
obj:
key:
A difference between electrical forces and gravitational forces is
that electrical forces include
a. infinite range.
b. repulsive interactions.
c. the inverse square law.
d. separation distance.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
Friction is a force that always acts
a. perpendicular to an object's motion.
b. opposite to an object's motion.
c. in the same direction as an object's motion.
ans:
obj:
key:
A 10-kg brick and a 1-kg book are dropped in a vacuum. The force
of gravity on the 10-kg brick is
a. 10 times as much as the force on the 1-kg book.
b. zero.
c. the same as the force on the 1-kg book.
ans:
obj:
key:
Diffraction occurs for
a. radio waves.
b. X-rays.
c. light.
d. electron beams.
e. all of the above.
ans:
obj:
key:
Speed is
a. a measure of how fast something is moving.
b. always measured in terms of a unit of distance divided by a unit
of time.
c. the distance covered per unit time.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
ans:
obj:
key:
If a ball were equipped with a speedometer and allowed to fall
freely on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is 23 m/s2,
the reading on the speedometer would increase each second by
a. a rate that depends on its initial speed.
b. 10m/s.
c. 12m/s.
d. 23m/s.
e. 46m/s.
ans:
obj:
key:
An oceanic depth-sounding vessel surveys the ocean bottom with
ultrasonic sound that travels 1530 m/s in seawater, and finds a 10second time delay of the echo to the ocean floor and back. The
ocean depth there is
a. 1700 m.
b. 3400 m.
c. 7650 m.
d. 15,300 m.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
Suppose a particle is accelerated through space by a constant 10-N force.
Suddenly the particle encounters a second force of 10-N in a direction
opposite to that of the first force. The particle
a. is brought to a rapid halt.
b. theoretically accelerates to speeds approaching the speed of light.
c. continues at the speed it had when it encountered the second force.
d. gradually decelerates to a halt.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
Where does a satellite in an elliptical orbit have the greatest
kinetic energy?
a. At the point closest to the planet
b. Exactly at the point halfway to the planet
c. At the point farthest from the planet
d. Anywhere -- its kinetic energy is constant
e. More information is needed
ans:
obj:
key:
On the surface of Jupiter, the acceleration due to gravity is about 3
times that of Earth. What would be the mass of a 170-kg rock on
Jupiter?
ans:
obj:
key:
An object is dropped and falls freely to the ground with an
acceleration of g. If it is thrown upward at an angle instead, its
acceleration would be
a. 0.
b. larger than g.
c. g upward.
d. g downward.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?
a. Atoms are the smallest particles of matter that exist.
b. Albert Einstein is the greatest physicist of the twentieth
century.
b. The universe is surrounded by a second universe, which cannot
be seen.
ans:
obj:
key:
An object following a straight-line path at constant speed
a. has no forces acting on it.
b. has a net force acting on it in the direction of motion.
c. has zero acceleration.
d. must be moving in a vacuum.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
Which of the following is a device used to either cut off or allow
electrons to flow in a circuit?
a. battery
b. switch
c. resister
d. connecting wire
ans:
obj:
key:
A 230.0 kg bear grasping a vertical tree slides down at constant
velocity. What is the friction force between the tree and the bear?
ans:
obj:
key:
A player hits a ball with a bat. The action force is the impact of
the bat against the ball. What is the reaction to this force?
a. The force of the ball against the bat
b. The weight of the ball
c. Air resistance on the ball
d. The grip of the player's hand against the bat
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
If you lift one load up two stories, how much work do you do
compared to lifting one load up only one story?
a. One quarter as much
b. One half as much
c. The same amount
d. Twice as much
e. Four times as much
ans:
obj:
key:
In physics, work is defined as
a. force times time.
b. force divided by distance.
c. distance divided by time.
d. force divided by time.
e. force times distance.
ans:
obj:
key:
Compared to its weight on Earth, a 10-kg object on the moon will
weigh
a. the same amount.
b. less.
c. more.
ans:
obj:
key:
If a projectile is fired straight up at a speed of 30 m/s, the total
time to return to its starting point is about
a. 3 seconds.
b. 6 seconds.
c. 30 seconds.
d. 60 seconds.
e. not enough information to estimate.
ans:
obj:
key:
Suppose a bug is jiggling up and down and swimming towards you at
the same time. Compared to the frequency at which the bug is
emitting waves, the frequency of the waves reaching you is
a. lower.
b. higher.
c. just the same.
ans:
obj:
key:
If you comb your hair and the comb becomes positively charged,
your hair becomes
a. uncharged.
b. positively charged.
c. negatively charged.
ans:
obj:
key:
Compared to the speed of light, sound travels
a. faster.
b. at about the same speed.
c. slower.
ans:
obj:
key:
Suppose you take a trip that covers 180 km and takes 3 hours to
make. Your average speed is
a. 30 km/h.
b. 60 km/h.
c. 180 km/h.
d. 360 km/h.
e. 540 km/h.
ans:
obj:
key:
To say that electric charge is conserved means that no case has
ever been found where
a. the total amount of charge on an object has increased.
b. one object has more charge than another object.
c. the total charge on an object has changed.
d. net charge has been created or destroyed.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
How far is a light-second?
a. 5000 km
b. 300,000 km
c. 9,000,000 km
d. 18,000,000 km
e. 95,000,000,000 km
ans:
obj:
key:
Electromagnetic waves
a. need a medium to travel through.
b. can travel through a vacuum.
ans:
obj:
key:
When something falls to the ground, it accelerates. This
acceleration is called the acceleration due to gravity and is
symbolized by the letter g. What is the value of g on Earth's surface?
a. 0 m/s2
b. about 5 m/s2
c. about 10 m/s2
d. about 20 m/s2
e. about 50 m/s2
ans:
obj:
key:
A package falls out of a helicopter that is traveling horizontally at
70 m/s. It falls into the water below 8.0 seconds later. Assuming no
air resistance, what is the horizontal distance it travels while
falling?
ans:
obj:
key:
The speed of a satellite in an elliptical orbit is _____.
a. independent of the height of the satellite
b. not constant
c. constant
ans:
obj:
key:
The fastest moving planet in a solar system is _____.
a. the most massive planet
b. any planet (they all move at the same speed)
c. the smallest planet
d. the planet nearest the sun
ans:
obj:
key:
Which of the following would NOT be considered a projectile?
a. A cannonball thrown straight up
b. A cannonball rolling down a slope
c. A cannonball rolling off the edge of a table
d. A cannonball thrown through the air
e. All of the above are projectiles.
ans:
obj:
key:
You push with 27 N on a 10-kg chest, and there is a 7-N force of
friction. How fast will the chest accelerate?
ans:
obj:
key:
Suppose the gravitational force between two spheres is 30 N. If the
magnitude of each mass doubles, what is the force between the
masses?
a. 8N
b. 15N
c. 30N
d. 60N
e. 120N
ans:
obj:
key:
When one light bulb in a parallel circuit containing several light
bulbs burns out, the other light bulbs
a. do not burn at all.
b. burn brighter.
c. burn the same as before.
ans:
obj:
key:
A piece of metal will feel colder than a piece of wood at the same
temperature. Why?
a. Metals, in general, have a higher specific heat capacity than
wood.
b. Metals, in general, are good heat conductors.
c. Metals are colder than wood.
d. Wood, in general, is a poor insulator.
e. Metal atoms are moving more slowly, on the average, than wood
atoms.
ans:
obj:
key:
Electrical forces between charges are strongest when the charges
are
a. far apart.
b. close together.
c. The electrical force is constant everywhere.
ans:
obj:
key:
Aunt Minnie throws a rock downward, and air resistance is
negligible. Compared to a rock that is dropped, the acceleration of
the rock after it is thrown is
a. less.
b. the same.
c. more.
ans:
obj:
key:
Sound waves are produced by
a. radio stations.
b. vibrating objects.
c. soft objects.
d. objects under pressure.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
What engine thrust (in newtons) is required for a
rocket of mass 35 kg to leave the launching pad?
ans:
obj:
key:
Two charged particles held close to each other are
released. As they move, the force on each particle
increases. Therefore, the particles have
a. opposite signs.
b. the same sign.
c. charges that cannot be determined
ans:
obj:
key:
A pulley system can
a. change the direction of a force
b. multiply the force
c. increase the amount of work done
d. both a. and b.
e. both b. and c.
ans:
obj:
key:
A force is exerted on the tires of a car to accelerate
the car along the road. The force is exerted by the
a. road.
b. engine.
c. tires.
d. air.
ans:
obj:
key:
T/F Mass is a vector quantity.
Power is defined as the
a. force on an object divided by the time the force acts.
b. work done times the time taken to do that work.
c. work done on an object divided by the time taken to do the
work.
d. distance divided by the time taken to move that distance.
e. force on an object times the distance the object moves.
ans:
obj:
key:
When a sound source moves towards you, what
happens to the wave speed?
a. It decreases.
b. It increases.
c. It stays the same.
ans:
obj:
key:
Two like charges
a. neutralize each other.
b. repel each other.
c. must be neutrons.
d. attract each other.
e. have no effect on each other.
ans:
obj:
key:
The amplitude of a particular wave is 4.0 m. The top-to-bottom
distance of the disturbance is
a. 2.0 m.
b. 4.0 m.
c. 8.0 m.
d. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
Radio amateurs are permitted to communicate
on the “10-meter band”. What frequency of
radio waves corresponds to a wavelength of 10
m? (The speed of radio waves is 3.0 × 108 m/s.)
ans:
obj:
key:
The weight of a person can be represented by a vector that acts
a. in a direction that depends on where the person is standing.
b. perpendicular to the ground underneath the person.
c. parallel to the ground.
d. straight down, even if the person is standing on a hill.
e. all of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
If you push off the ground with a force of 350 N
when you jump upward, what force pushes Earth
downward?
ans:
obj:
key:
A 680-Hz sound wave travels at 340 m/s in air, with a wavelength
of
a. 0.5 m.
b. 5m.
c. 50m.
d. 500 m.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
Constructive interference occurs when
a. the crest of one wave meets the trough of another wave.
b. two waves of the same color overlap.
c. the crests of two waves overlap.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
Energy transfer by convection is primarily restricted to
a. gases.
b. liquids.
c. solids.
d. fluids.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
Mechanical energy can be in the form of
a. kinetic energy.
b. potential energy.
c. both kinetic and potential energy.
d. neither kinetic nor potential energy.
ans:
obj:
key:
Suppose the gravitational force between two masses is 70 N. If the
magnitude of one of the masses halves, what is the force between
the masses?
a. 280N
b. 140N
c. 70N
d. 35N
e. 18N
ans:
obj:
key:
Waves in a lake are 1.5 m in length and pass an
anchored boat 0.5 s apart. What is the speed of the
waves?
ans:
obj:
key:
A 15-ohm resistor has a 5-A current in it. What is the
voltage across the resistor?
a. 5V
b. 15V
c. 20V
d. 25V
e. more than 25V
ans:
obj:
key:
You drive past a farm, and you see a cow pulling a plow to till a field.
You have just learned about Newton’s third law, and you wonder how
the cow is able to move forward if the plow is exerting an equal and
opposite force on the cow. Which of the following explains the
movement of the cow and plow?
a. The force exerted by the cow on the plow is equal to the force that
the cow exerts on the ground to move forward.
b. The force exerted by the cow on the plow is larger than the force
that the cow exerts on the ground to move forward.
c. The force exerted by the cow on the plow is smaller than the force
that the cow exerts on the ground to move forward.
d. More information is needed to answer this question.
ans: obj: key:
Accelerations are produced by
a. forces.
b. velocities.
c. accelerations.
d. masses.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
The ratio of output force to input force of a simple
machine is called the
a. fulcrum.
b. efficiency.
c. pivot point.
d. lever arm.
e. mechanical advantage.
ans:
obj:
key:
What is the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave
that has a frequency of 1 Hz?
a. More than 1 m
b. Less than 1 m
c. 1m
ans:
obj:
key:
The distance between successive identical parts of a wave is
called its
a. frequency.
b. period.
c. velocity.
d. amplitude.
e. wavelength.
ans:
obj:
key:
How much power is required to do 40 J of work on an object in 5
seconds?
a. 0W
b. 5W
c. 8W
d. 40W
e. 200W
ans:
obj:
key:
Which has greater kinetic energy, a car traveling at 30 km/h or a
half-as-massive car traveling at 60 km/h?
a. The 60 km/h car
b. Both have the same kinetic energy.
c. The 30 km/h car
ans:
obj:
key:
The amount of potential energy possessed by an elevated object is
equal to
a. the power used to lift it.
b. the distance it is lifted.
c. the force needed to lift it.
d. the work done in lifting it.
e. the value of the acceleration due to gravity.
ans:
obj:
key:
Galileo found that a ball rolling down one inclined plane would roll
how far up another inclined plane?
a. The ball would not roll up the other plane at all.
b. To nearly its original height
c. To about one quarter its original height
d. To nearly twice its original height
e. To nearly half its original height
ans:
obj:
key:
The symbol used to represent resistance in a schematic diagram is
a. two straight lines.
b. a single line that is broken and has a bend in it.
c. one straight line.
d. a zigzag line.
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
An interference pattern is produced when
a. two or more light waves meet.
b. the crests of two waves meet.
c. the troughs of two waves meet.
d. light passes through two narrow slits.
e. all of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
Destructive interference occurs when
a. the crests of two waves overlap.
b. two waves of the same color overlap.
c. the crest of one wave meets the trough of another wave.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
ans:
obj:
key:
As more lamps are put into a series circuit, the overall
current in the circuit
a. stays the same.
b. increases.
c. decreases.
ans:
obj:
key:
If two negative charges are held close together and then released,
the charges will
a. accelerate toward each other.
b. accelerate away from each other.
c. not move.
d. move at a constant speed away from each other.
ans:
obj:
key:
A volt is a unit of
a. charge.
b. electric potential.
c. energy.
d. work.
e. current.
ans:
obj:
key:
An object in static equilibrium is in a state of no
motion.
ans:
obj:
key:
Forces always occur
a. as single quantities.
b. by themselves.
c. in pairs.
d. in triplets.
ans:
obj:
key:
Which of these electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength?
a. Infrared waves
b. Light waves
c. Radio waves
d. X-rays
e. Ultraviolet waves
ans:
obj:
key:
FM radio waves are not received as well as AM radio waves are in
mountain canyons because
a. they have a higher wavelength.
b. they have a shorter wavelength.
c. they do not have a high enough amplitude.
d. they do not refract as well.
ans:
obj:
key:
Consider drops of water leaking from a water faucet. As the drops
fall they
a. remain at a relatively fixed distance from each other.
b. get farther apart.
c. get closer together.
ans:
obj:
key:
Two people have a tug-of-war on low-friction ice. One
person has 2 times the mass of the other. Compared
to the lighter person, how many times as fast does
the heavier person accelerate?
ans:
obj:
key:
At the instant a ball is thrown horizontally with a large force, an
identical ball is dropped from the same height. Which ball hits the
ground first?
a. Neither. They both hit the ground at the same time.
b. The dropped ball
c. The horizontally thrown ball
ans:
obj:
key: