Transcript PHYSICAL SCIENCE

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Chapter 3 Forces
3.1 Newton’s Second Law
3.1 Newton’s Second Law
Objectives
• Define Newton’s second law of motion.
• Apply Newton’s second law of motion.
• Describe the three different types of
friction.
• Observe the effects of air resistance on
falling objects.
Force, Mass, and Acceleration
• Newton’s first law of motion states that the
motion of an object remains constant
unless the object is subjected to an
unbalanced force.
• Newton’s second law of motion describes
how the forces exerted on an object, its
mass, and its acceleration are related.
Newton’s Second Law
• Newton’s second law of motion states that
the acceleration of an object is in the same
direction as the net force on the object,
and that the acceleration can be
calculated from the following equation:
Acceleration (in meters/second2) = net force (in newtons)
mass (in kilograms)
a = Fnet
m
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/
K-12/airplane/newton2.html
Newton’s Second Law
• Applying Math pg. 69.
• Tennis Example:
Tennis racket hits ball (making contact for only
a few thousandths of a second) causing the
ball’s velocity to change almost instantly.
The ball’s acceleration could be as high as
5,000 m/s2 but its mass is only 0.06 kg.
Fnet = ma = (0.06 kg)(5,000 m/s2) = 300 kg•m/s2 = 300 N
Friction
• Friction is the force that opposes the sliding motion of
two surfaces that are touching each other.
• The amount of friction between two surfaces depends on
two factors….
– kinds of surfaces (material)
– force pressing surfaces together
• The microscopic view of apparently smooth surfaces
reveals that they have texture – dips, bumps, etc.
• Where the two surfaces touch, welding or sticking occurs
resulting in microwelds – the source of friction.
Friction
• The larger the force pushing two surfaces
together, the stronger the microwelds will be.
• Static friction is the frictional force that prevents
two surfaces from sliding past each other.
• Sliding friction is the frictional force that opposes
the motion of two surfaces sliding past each
other.
• Rolling friction is the frictional force between a
rolling object and the surface it rolls on.
http://study.com/academy/lesson/
what-is-friction-definition-formulaforces.html
http://www.mrsciguy.c
om/Physics/Newton.
html
Air Resistance
• Air resistance opposes the motion of objects that
move through the air.
• Without air resistance, all objects would fall with
the same acceleration.
• Air resistance acts in the opposite direction to
the motion of an object through air.
• The amount of air resistance on an object
depends on the speed, size, and shape of the
object.
Air Resistance
• As an object falls faster, the upward force of air
resistance increases.
• Eventually, the upward air resistance force becomes
large enough to balance the downward force of gravity –
making the net force on the object 0.
• As a result, the object falls with a constant speed –
terminal velocity.
• Terminal velocity is the highest speed a falling object will
reach.
• Terminal velocity depends on the size, shape, and mass
of the falling object.
Video Links
• Types of Friction - Animated Presentation
(2:34) - https://youtu.be/UtdeKxyztSY
• Misconceptions About Falling Objects
(3:22) - https://youtu.be/_mCC-68LyZM
• Hammer vs Feather - Physics on the
Moon (1:22) https://youtu.be/KDp1tiUsZw8