Transcript Super Size Me - Fort Bend ISD

Super Size Me
My Love Affair With Oreos
Esophagus
Lining is more serous than mucous
 Transport bolus to stomach
 Cardiac sphincter at its end
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Oral digestion
Mastication
 Bolus
 Amylase
 Salivary glands
 Tongue
 eDeglutition (to swallow)

Goblet cells make mucous (so
we don’t digest ourselves!)
Stretching your stomach causes
GASTRIN (hormone) release for
Hydrochloric Acid to get released
from parietal cells
Chief Cells produce all types of
enzymes for proteins and
carbodydrates (proteases/amylases)
Gastrin: an endocrine hormone in
stomach lining which when stomach
stretches it tells other stomach lining
glands to produce hydrochloric acid,
parietal cells. (G cells)
 Goblet cells produce mucous to
protect stomach lining
 Chief cells produce protein, fat and
CH enzymes
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Intrinsic factor is also in the lining of
the stomach
What does intrinsic factor do?
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It absorbs extrinsic factor AKA
vitamin B12 which does what?
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Vitamin B12)necessary to the
maturation of RBC’s
Who can’t produce intrinsic factor
and what disease do they commonly
develop?
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Pernicious anemia; a type of anemia
common among the elderly. Taking
more vitamin B12 won’t help them if
they can no longer produce intrinsic
factor so…..they need B12 shots
weekly to keep their energy levels
up.
Stomach digestion
Chyme
 Hydrochloric acid
 Pepsin
 Gastrin
 Pyloric sphincter
 Alcohol
 Poisons

Duodenum
U shaped
 Bile duct and pancreatic duct empty
here
 Bile from liver for fat emulsification
 Pancreatic juice (Exocrine pancreas)
for food digestion.
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Duodenum (first part of
intestines
Digestion
We require carbon based foods to
provide fuel for our energy
production
 Fats, carbohydrates and proteins are
all energy sources
 We convert food to energy (ATP) and
excrete water, wastes both liquid
and solids.
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What is the process of breaking
down foods readying them for
absorption into the blood called?
What is the cellular process of
further utilizing food products to
produce energy?
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Digestion

Metabolism
The Alimentary Canal
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Long muscular canal from the mouth to
the anus. Includes the mouth, tongue,
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum,
ileum, jejunum, large intestine, rectum,
anus
Mucous lined, produces enzymes, absorbs
nutrients and vitamins and water and
minerals
Expels waste products of digestion and
metabolism
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How is the digestive system
innervated (stimulated
neurologically): CNS or the ANS?
Which nervous system specifically
stimulates it and which inhibits it?
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Autonomic NS: the parasympathetic
stimulates the digestive system while
the sympathetic system inhibits it.
What would you get if you are under
stress and try to eat at the same
time?
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Gas, indigestion, ulcers
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What enzymes are produced in the
stomach lining?
What can the stomach absorb?
GERDS
Name three causes of GERDS
• alcohol use • overweight •
pregnancy • smokingAlso, certain
foods can be associated with reflux
events, including: • citrus
fruits • chocolate • drinks with
caffeine • fatty and fried
foods • garlic and onions • mint
flavorings • spicy foods •
tomato-based foods, like spaghetti
sauce, chili, and pizza
Hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia in endoscope
Longitudinal and annular sm.
Mm.
Small Intestine
Jejunum(proximal 2/3’s of sm. int.
and Ileum (distal 1/3 of sm. Int.)
 24 feet long
 Only small in diameter
 For food absorbtion (CH, fats,
proteins)
 Villi with crypts of Lieberkuhn
between
 Lacteals
 Peristalsis
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Duodenum
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Has a hormone in the lining of its
wall called cholecystekinin which
stimulates the bile duct to squirt bile
into the duodenum.
What is bile for?
It’s an emulsifying agent (like soap)
which mixes fats in your food in the
duodenum with water soluble
enzymes to digest them called
lipases.
 The pancreas also releases an
endocrine hormone into the
duodenum named?
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Insulin; insulin allows
sugars/starches (carbohydrates) to
move across the walls of your blood
vessels to get out of your blood and
into your cells for metabolizing
No insulin means diabetes mellitus
What are the valleys in between
the villi called?
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Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Large Intestine (colon)
Primarily for water absorbtion
 Produces feces from residues of
digestion
 Appendix
 Ascending, transverse, descending,
sigmoid leading to rectum and anus
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Caecum,
 Ileocaecal junction
 Ascending colon, transverse colon,
descending
 Sigmoid colon, rectum
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Herpes
Herpes Simplex (cold sores or fever
blisters) but also causes genital
herpes. Both are contagious, episodic,
painful, lifelong, rapidly growing in
our population and worldwide, 45
million in U.S. alone
 Tx.:Valtrex, Zovirax, Acyclovir
antivirals; keep it dormant, no cure
 Herpes Zoster (shingles; re-awakened
chickenpox in the elderly)
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Cold Sore/fever blister
Genital Warts
Herpes
Usually self limiting to the victim and
with medications and good health,
sometimes never recur BUT
 Are contagious even when no lesions
visable and also after lesions remit
they are spread by shedding skin
tissue! High stress and poor health
make them pop out again!
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Adenoma (polyp) easily
removed during colonoscopy
Early colonoscopy after age 50
every five yrs
Colon cancer is slow, takes tens
years to convert a benign adenoma
(polyp) to a terminal malignant
carcinoma
 One of the few cancers that is
preventable and yet is the third most
fatal after lung, breast/prostate CA
for most in U.S. don’t get
colonoscopy
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Cholecystitis (inflamed gall
bladder with stones) FFFF
Liver
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Vital organ which: produces our
proteins, antibodies, hormones,
stores sugar in the form of glycogen,
is our main detoxifying organ, makes
clotting factors for blood
(prothrombin/fibrinogen), cleans up
dead blood cells, makes bile for the
emulsification of fats, and produces
80% of our cholesterol!! That’s why
high blood cholesterol runs in
families. Out diet only controls 20%
of our blood’s cholesterol.
Hepatitis
Infection/inflammation of the liver.
Various causes: Toxins like ethanol
consumption leading to cirrhosis
(fatty and scarred liver) and various
viral infections.
 Symptoms: malaise, jaundice from
excess bilirubin from failure of liver
to cleanup old hemoglobin),loss of
appetite.
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Viral Hepatitis
Type A: fecal-oral route of transmission,
contaminated foods, mainly third world
countries and day care centers, poor
hygiene, shellfish,acute and self limiting,
bed rest
 Type B:Blood borne only; drug addicts
sharing needles, doctors/nurses at risk
and STP; transmitted by exchanging
fluids by sex; Vaccine for all health care
workers effective,
 Chronic Hep B leads to cirrhosis/liver CA
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Hepatitis C
Hepatitis
Ulcerative Colitis (Crohn’s
Disease)
Genetic
 Autoimmune
 Episodic irritable bowel syndrome
(IBS)
 Treated with anti-inflammatories and
surgery
 Colostomy
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Inguinal Hernia
diverticulitis