Transcript the law of conservation of energy

Pre-Lab 7B: Conservation of
Energy
Purpose
A car launched up the hill at a given speed will
never go higher than a certain point.
A car rolling downhill will only reach a certain
speed.
Why? The answer is that nature keeps an exact
balance of energy:
the law of conservation of energy
Speed uses one form of energy and height uses
another.
This investigation explores the exchange of
energy.
Key Question
• What limits how much a system may
change?
Background
Define:
law of conservation of energy
formula for drop height
formula for predicted velocity
Drawing
• Use the changed lab set up: drawing on
the board;
note there is NO string used!!
Section 1:
• Set the bent ramp to the steepest angle
• Bottom section of ramp must be horizontal
• Photogate must be in the correct location: look at the
DRAWING right now!!!
• Do not use any steel marbles
• Do not use the string to determine drop height
(resolution counts and is required)
• Instead, look at the picture for the car’s center: pg 41
measure with a meter stick
h1: from the table to the center of the car
and measure
h2: from the table to the lazer beam
• Drop height is h = h1 – h2
• Drop the car from each 5cm mark on the
hill
Section 2:
• Graph the speed of the car vs. the drop
height.
Section 3:
Use the formula for potential energy to fill in the second
column of Table 2.
due to the law of conservation of energy, the potential
energy at the top must be equal to the kinetic energy
at the bottom: Ep = Ek:
Thus, mgh = 1/2mv2; but masses will cancel so:
gh = 1/2v2
predict the velocity of your car at the bottom:
v = the square root of 2gh
Use the formula you just derived to fill in the column for
the predicted speed of the car.
Plot the line for the predicted speed on the same graph
as you made in part 2a above (key?)
Section 3 cont:
Note table 2: is missing a row so, ADD A ROW
Section 4:
• Let the car roll downhill, bounce off the rubber
band and go back up hill again. Does it reach
the same height as it was dropped from?
• required: Challenge experiment:
Use a rubber band to launch the car uphill
so it goes through the photogate with the
same speed as it had going down.
Post Lab 7B: conservation of
energy
Purpose
nature keeps an exact balance of energy:
the law of conservation of energy
Speed uses (Ke) one form of energy and height
(Ep) uses another.
This investigation explored the exchange of these
two energies.
Background
Define:
law of conservation of energy
Graph the speed of the car vs. the drop
height:
what are the labels of the axis?
describe the graph
describe the predicted graph
how can you explain the predicted is
higher
Section 4:
• Let the car roll downhill, bounce off the rubber
band and go back up hill again. Does it reach
the same height as it was dropped from, why?
• Challenge experiment. Use a rubber band to
launch the car uphill so it goes through the
photogate with the same speed as it had going
down. What did you find and why?