Transcript double layer of peritoneum connects small intestine to posterior

Digestive System II
Peritoneum
A serous membrane of 2 continuous layers that covers the abdominal
organs
Parietal: lining internal abdominal wall
Visceral: lining abdominal organs (viscera)
Peritoneal cavity: space between parietal & visceral layers
fluid filled  reduce friction
Abdominal Organs Relation to Peritoneum
Intraperitoneal:
completely covered by visceral peritoneum
Retroperitoneal:
posterior (behind) the peritoneum
Terms describing parts of peritoneum
Peritoneum has special names at specific regions:
omentum
mesentry & mesocolon
ligaments
Omentum
Broad, double layered sheet of peritoneum that connects stomach to
another abdominal organ
2 parts
1. Greater Omentum:
Greater curvature of stomach

Down (like apron)

Reflects up again

Ant. transverse colon
2. Lesser Omentum
Lesser curvature of stomach
& small part of dudenum (2cm)

Liver
Mesentery & Mesocolon
Mesentry:
double layer of peritoneum connects small
intestine to posterior abdominal wall
mesentry of small intestine
Mesocolon:
double layer of peritoneum connects large
intestine to posterior abdominal wall
Small Intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Duodenum
Retroperitoneal
Shortest part of small intestine
25 cm in length
C-shaped
Jejunum & Ileum
Jejunum: (empty)
intraperitoneal
upper left half
1 m long
Ileum: (twisted)
intraperitoneal
lower right half
2 m long
ends at ileocecal junction
(valve)
The lumen of small
intestine is thrown in
circular folds known as
Plicae circulares
Large Intestine
1.5 m longer
Attached to posterior abdominal wall
by mesocolon
Cecum: blind pouch
Appendix: twisted coiled tube
Large Intestine
Teniae coli
Appendices epiploicae
Sacculated wall
Larger caliper
Limited mobility
Large Intestine
Cecum & Appendix
Ascending (retro)
Transverse (intra)
Descending (retro)
Sigmoid (intra)
Rectum (in pelvic cavity)
Accessory Digestive Organs:
Liver & Pancreas
The Liver
The largest internal organ & gland in the body
Functions:
bile prod. & secretion
metabolism
bld. Filtration
Lobes of The Liver
Specific partial parts of the organ that separated by fissures or ligaments
Anatomically:
4 lobes;
Rt., Lf., caudate & quadrate
Physiologically (Fxn.):
2 lobes;
Rt. & Lf.
*bld. Supply & bile secretion of caudate & quadrate
lobes are passing with left lobe.
Quadrate Lobe:
Quadrangular in shape
Caudate Lobe:
Porta Hepatis
In the middle of visceral surface
Contains: (Portal Triad)
Portal vein (in)
Hepatic artery (in)
Bile duct (out)
Ligaments of The Liver
Double layers of peritonuem that attach the liver to another organ or to the
abdominal wall
Falciform Lig.: (located Ant.)
Attaches liver to ant. abd. Wall
encloses ligamentum teres
Blood Supply to Liver
*Bld. Comes from 2 sources to the liver
1. Hepatic artery: (oxygenation)
from celiac trunk of abd. Aorta
brings O2 bld.
2. Portal Vein: (filtration)
formed by Splenic & Sup. Mesenteric veins
brings deO2 bld. For filtration
* bld. Mix within the liver & drain through 
Hepatic Veins:
located post.
open directly into IVC
Gall Bladder
Stores & concentrate bile
Bile leaves the gall bladder via
cystic Duct
Ampulla of Vater
Major duodenal papilla
Ampulla of Vater
Pancreas
Both exocrine & endocrine gland
Exocrine:
hydrolytic enzymes  duodenum
Endocrine:
Islets of Langerhans (insulin & glucagon)
 venous bld. Circulation
Retroperitoneal
Anatomy of Pancreas
Location: posterior to greater
curvature of stomach
1. Head:disc shaped within the
concavity of the duodenum
2. Neck: constricted portion
between head & body
3. Body:largest part
4. Tail:in contact with the spleen
Bld supply:
Splenic a.
Superior mesentric artery
Sup & inf pancreaticoduodenal
arteries
venous drainage into portal system