Transcript Small intestine

REVIEW
Nutrition & Digestion
1. Explain what a food label tells you.
The nutritional facts found in
processed foods.
2. How is energy measured in food?
• calories
3. Identify the 6 types of nutrients.
• Carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals,
water
4. Identify the following
information for the food to
the left.
a. Serving size 2 crackers
b. Total carbohydrates 10g
c. Calories 60
d. Protein 2g
5. How many calories would you
consume if you ate 2
servings of these crackers?
120 calories
6. Identify the nutrient being
described:
a. Builds and repairs
• proteins
b. The body needs 14 of these
• minerals
c. Main source of energy
• Carbohydrates
6. Identify the nutrient being
described:
d. Made of amino acids
• proteins
e. Stores energy
• Lipids/fat
f. Makes up most of the body
• water
7. The main function of the human digestive system is to
(1) break down foods for absorption into the blood
(2) exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
(3) release energy from sugars within the cells
(4) carry nutrients to all parts of the body
8. Nutrients from digested food enter the blood stream
through the process of
(1) absorption
(3) respiration
(2) elimination
(4) secretion
9. Which substance provides humans with their main source of
energy?
(1) food (2) carbon dioxide (3) water (4) chlorophyll
10.
11. Identify each structure labeled in the diagram.
oral
cavity/mouth
gall bladder
large
intestine
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
rectum
12. Where does protein digestion
begin?
In the stomach
13. What is the function of F?
Absorb water
14. Where are nutrients absorbed
into the blood?
In the small
intestine/villi
15. What does C produce? Where
does it go?
Pancreatic juice
Small intestine/duodenum
16. What is the function of G?
store bile
17 Chemical digestion is completed in
this structure.
small intestine/duodenum
18. What type of digestion occurs in
A?
mechanical and chemical
19. What is the name of this process? What is
its function?
•peristalsis
•To push food through the digestive tract
20. Where in the digestive tract does this
process occur?
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine
21. What is structure F? What is the function of this
substance? •liver
•to produce bile
22. Identify structure B. What kind of digestion occurs
here? •stomach
•Chemical digestion of proteins by an enzyme
•Mechanical digestion (wall churns food)
23. What is the function of structure A?
Pushes food down into the stomach using
peristalsis
24. Through which of these structures does food pass?
Esophagus (A)
Stomach (B)
Small intestine (D)
25. Which organs are not part of the digestive tract?
How do they aid in digestion?
•Liver (F) – produces bile that goes to the SI
•Gall bladder (E) – stores bile
•Pancreas (C) – releases pancreatic juice into SI
26. Describe the role of
the small intestine in
digestion.
•Where most chemical
digestion occurs
•Where chemical digestion is
completed
•Lined with VILLI which
absorb nutrients into the
blood
27. Identify the labeled organs.
A - mouth
B - Esophagus
C – Stomach
D – Pancreas
E - Large intestine
F - Appendix
G - Small intestine
H – Gall bladder
I - Liver
28. Through what organs does
food pass? (in order)
mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
29. Where excess water reabsorbed?
Large intestine
30. What occurs in structure G?
Villi absorb nutrients into blood
31. What does I produce? Where does it
go?
Bile – into small intestine
32. This is where chemical digestion
begins.
mouth
33. This is where chemical digestion ends.
Small intestine/duodenum
34. Identify organs where there
is no digestion occurring.
Esophagus
Liver
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Gall bladder
35. Explain the difference between mechanical
and chemical digestion.
• Mechanical is a physical breakdown, while
chemical digestion breaks down complex
molecules into more simple molecules using
enzymes.
36. Where does mechanical digestion
begin? How?
•Mouth – teeth grind up food
37. Where does chemical digestion begin?
How?
•Mouth – enzyme in saliva starts to
chemically break down starches into
sugar (carbohydrates)
38. Where does chemical digestion end?
•Duodenum (small intestine)
39. Where does most chemical digestion
occur?
• Duodenum (small intestine)
40. Where and how are nutrients
absorbed once food has been completely
broken down.
• They are absorbed in the villi of the
small intestine by diffusion.
41. Identify the digestive organ described.
a. Where the digestion of protein begins.
• stomach
b. Where mechanical digestion begins.
• mouth
c. Site of water absorption.
• Large intestine
d. All chemical digestion is completed here.
• Duodenum (SI)
41. Identify the digestive organ described.
e. Where the breakdown of starch begins.
• mouth
f. Where bile is stored.
• Gall bladder
g. Releases many enzymes into the SI.
• pancreas
41. Identify the digestive organ described.
h. Pushes food into the stomach.
• esophagus
i. Where the absorption of nutrients occurs.
• Small intestine/villi
j. Lining is protected by a mucus layer.
• stomach
42. Is bile an enzyme? Why or why not?
• Bile is not an enzyme because it emulsifies fat.
It breaks down large droplets of fat into
smaller droplets which is mechanical digestion,
not chemical digestion.