Transcript The Dream Realized works on older pc computers

newearthscience©2012
How do you travel to the Moon?
No!
To take a trip to the Moon,
one must first imagine it.
• And as you will recall, that’s just what
Kepler did—back in 1593. But it would
take another 16 years to come to full
realization.
• Now read the first item in your packet—
Die Somnium. Answer the two questions
at the end of the reading. You may be
asked to share out your thoughts after 7
minutes.
Final Question for All
• How did Kepler propose one
actually got to the Moon?
• Yeah, not very realistic.
But, what else could he
imagine?
Enter Sir Isaac Newton
•
Now turn the page of your packet. Examine this VUE of Newton’s
influences. This VUE is available on our website. Feel free to add to
your VUE.
Want Moon? Find Rules.
• Actually getting to the Moon would
eventually require powerful engines and
great advancements in chemistry as well
as physics.
• But for the anyone to imagine such a trip
was actually possible, the physics had to
come first.
• How to do it? Simply invent a new
physics.
New Rules
• Newton first took Galileo’s inclined plane
experiment and combined it with Kepler’s
Laws of Planetary Motion.
• Knowing that the Universe seemed to
behave not by some random whim of a
spirit being, but of knowable and steady
rules (perhaps according to a creator),
Newton realized that all moving objects
obeyed…
Three Laws of Motion
Newton: Laws of Motion
1 A body at rest or in motion at a
constant speed along a straight line
remains in that state of rest or motion
unless acted upon by an outside
force.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
2 The change in a body’s velocity due
to an applied force is in the same
direction as the force and proportional
to it, but is inversely proportional to
the body’s mass.
F/ m = a
F=ma
Newton’s Laws of Motion
3 For every applied force, a
force of equal size but
opposite direction arises.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
© 2004 Pearson Education Inc.,
publishing as Addison-Wesley
Newton’s Universal
Law of Gravitation
Isaac Newton discovered that it is
gravity which plays the vital role of
determining the motion of the planets concept of action at a distance.
…and seriously freaked some people out.
So, what was gravity?
• For Newton’s contemporaries, it seemed a very
troubling prospect, almost like a form of “magick”.
How could the action of one physical body affect
another without them ever touching?
• Still, it became a law. Scientific laws tell us what
nature will do given certain variables. A law also
implies that you will get the same answer every
single time you run the experiment or conduct the
observation.
• Every. Single. Time.
What about the theory of
gravity?
• Theories tell us why something happened. A theory will
explain the essential nature of the phenomena being
investigated.
• Laws are the rules by which theories operate.
• "Two objects always attract in direct proportion of their
masses and in inverse proportion of the square of the
distance between them."
Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
Between every two objects there is an attractive
force, the magnitude of which is directly
proportional to the mass of each object and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between the centers of the objects.
To Go to the Moon
• Requires you to pull away from the pull of
the Earth’s gravity.
• Turns out, that requires a lot of power
unknown in Newton’s time.
• Yet, he wrote the equation that would
stipulate the amount of energy or force,
required.
OK, Go!
Now, the tricky part!
• How do you slow down or lose acceleration?
• Use Newton’s Third Law.
• It’s the same principle you use in a car. Apply
the brakes. But in a spaceship you must use
the same kind of engines that got you off the
Earth but now aim them down towards the
mass of the Moon that is pulling you in.
• You must slow down from 23,000 mph to 0
mph in just the right amount of time.
• Or you die.
• And if you’re Neil Armstrong, no one has
EVER done this before you. Good luck with
that.
Calling Isaac Newton…
• But hey Neil, if Newton was right THREE
HUNDRED years ago, you have nothing to
worry about, eh?
• When you arrive, will you see with your
flesh and blood eye what Kepler saw in his
mind’s eye all those centuries ago?
Video of Lunar Excursion Module
(LEM) (LM)
• The mission of Apollo 11 would be the first
in all of human history to land on another
world.
• The rules of the voyage were written by
Newton some 300 years before Apollo 11.
• Your astronomy teacher was 10 years old
when it happened.
• Yes, it was just as exciting as you might
think it was for him.
OK, now the videos
• First, testing to know that the engineering
married the physics.
• Second, Neil Armstrong, in FAIL.
• Step One.
• Step Two.
• Step Three. Ok, now you take if from
here. Next slide…
Now, it’s your turn, Johannes
Kepler!
• What Kepler could not have known but
Newton discovered, was that if one could
precisely measure the force that held
planets in place, one could leave Earth
and fly and land on the Moon.
• For real.
• Now, go to the simulation on this week’s
webpage and try your hand at landing on
the Moon. Your lab procedure packet will
be your guide.