Transcript Standardized Test Prep

Standardized Test Prep
Preview
• Multiple Choice
• Short Response
• Extended Response
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
Use the passage below to answer questions 1–2.
Two blocks of masses m1 and m2 are placed in contact with each
other on a smooth, horizontal surface. Block m1 is on the left of
block m2. A constant horizontal force F to the right is applied to
m1.
1. What is the acceleration of the two blocks?
A.
a
F
m1
C. a 
F
m1  m2
B.
F
a
m2
D. a 
F
(m1 )(m2 )
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice
Use the passage below to answer questions 1–2.
Two blocks of masses m1 and m2 are placed in contact with each
other on a smooth, horizontal surface. Block m1 is on the left of
block m2. A constant horizontal force F to the right is applied to
m1.
1. What is the acceleration of the two blocks?
A.
a
F
m1
C. a 
F
m1  m2
B.
F
a
m2
D. a 
F
(m1 )(m2 )
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the passage below to answer questions 1–2.
Two blocks of masses m1 and m2 are placed in contact with each
other on a smooth, horizontal surface. Block m1 is on the left of
block m2. A constant horizontal force F to the right is applied to
m1.
2. What is the horizontal force acting on m2?
F. m1a
G. m2a
H. (m1 + m2)a
J. m1m2a
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the passage below to answer questions 1–2.
Two blocks of masses m1 and m2 are placed in contact with each
other on a smooth, horizontal surface. Block m1 is on the left of
block m2. A constant horizontal force F to the right is applied to
m1.
2. What is the horizontal force acting on m2?
F. m1a
G. m2a
H. (m1 + m2)a
J. m1m2a
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
3. A crate is pulled to the right with a force of 82.0 N, to the left
with a force of 115 N, upward with a force of 565 N, and
downward with a force of 236 N. Find the magnitude and
direction of the net force on the crate.
A. 3.30 N at 96° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis
B. 3.30 N at 6° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis
C. 3.30 x 102 at 96° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis
D. 3.30 x 102 at 6° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
3. A crate is pulled to the right with a force of 82.0 N, to the left
with a force of 115 N, upward with a force of 565 N, and
downward with a force of 236 N. Find the magnitude and
direction of the net force on the crate.
A. 3.30 N at 96° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis
B. 3.30 N at 6° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis
C. 3.30 x 102 at 96° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis
D. 3.30 x 102 at 6° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
4. A ball with a mass of m is thrown into the air, as shown in the
figure below. What is the force exerted on Earth by the ball?
A. mballg directed down
B. mballg directed up
C. mearthg directed down
D. mearthg directed up
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
4. A ball with a mass of m is thrown into the air, as shown in the
figure below. What is the force exerted on Earth by the ball?
A. mballg directed down
B. mballg directed up
C. mearthg directed down
D. mearthg directed up
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
5. A freight train has a mass of 1.5 x 107 kg. If the locomotive can
exert a constant pull of 7.5 x 105 N, how long would it take to
increase the speed of the train from rest to 85 km/h?
(Disregard friction.)
A. 4.7 x 102s
B. 4.7s
C. 5.0 x 10-2s
D. 5.0 x 104s
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
5. A freight train has a mass of 1.5 x 107 kg. If the locomotive can
exert a constant pull of 7.5 x 105 N, how long would it take to
increase the speed of the train from rest to 85 km/h?
(Disregard friction.)
A. 4.7 x 102s
B. 4.7s
C. 5.0 x 10-2s
D. 5.0 x 104s
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the passage below to answer questions 6–7.
A truck driver slams on the brakes and skids
to a stop through a displacement Dx.
6. If the truck’s mass doubles, find the truck’s skidding distance in
terms of Dx. (Hint: Increasing the mass increases the normal
force.)
A. Dx/4
B. Dx
C. 2Dx
D. 4Dx
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the passage below to answer questions 6–7.
A truck driver slams on the brakes and skids
to a stop through a displacement Dx.
6. If the truck’s mass doubles, find the truck’s skidding distance in
terms of Dx. (Hint: Increasing the mass increases the normal
force.)
A. Dx/4
B. Dx
C. 2Dx
D. 4Dx
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the passage below to answer questions 6–7.
A truck driver slams on the brakes and skids
to a stop through a displacement Dx.
7. If the truck’s initial velocity were halved, what would be the
truck’s skidding distance?
A. Dx/4
B. Dx
C. 2Dx
D. 4Dx
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the passage below to answer questions 6–7.
A truck driver slams on the brakes and skids
to a stop through a displacement Dx.
7. If the truck’s initial velocity were halved, what would be the
truck’s skidding distance?
A. Dx/4
B. Dx
C. 2Dx
D. 4Dx
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the graph at right to
answer questions 8–9. The
graph shows the relationship
between the applied force
and the force of friction.
8. What is the relationship between the forces at point A?
F. Fs=Fapplied
G. Fk=Fapplied
H. Fs<Fapplied
I. Fk>Fapplied
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the graph at right to
answer questions 8–9. The
graph shows the relationship
between the applied force
and the force of friction.
8. What is the relationship between the forces at point A?
F. Fs=Fapplied
G. Fk=Fapplied
H. Fs<Fapplied
I. Fk>Fapplied
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the graph at right to
answer questions 8–9. The
graph shows the relationship
between the applied force
and the force of friction.
9. What is the relationship between the forces at point B?
A. Fs, max=Fk
B. Fk> Fs, max
C. Fk>Fapplied
D. Fk<Fapplied
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Multiple Choice, continued
Use the graph at right to
answer questions 8–9. The
graph shows the relationship
between the applied force
and the force of friction.
9. What is the relationship between the forces at point B?
A. Fs, max=Fk
B. Fk> Fs, max
C. Fk>Fapplied
D. Fk<Fapplied
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response
Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the
information below.
A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the
roof of a building 176.4 m high.While the ball
is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant
force of 12.0 N on the ball.
10. How long does the ball take to hit the ground?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response
Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the
information below.
A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the
roof of a building 176.4 m high.While the ball
is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant
force of 12.0 N on the ball.
10. How long does the ball take to hit the ground?
Answer: 6.00 s
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the
information below.
A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the
roof of a building 176.4 m high.While the ball
is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant
force of 12.0 N on the ball.
11. How far from the building does the ball hit the ground?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the
information below.
A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the
roof of a building 176.4 m high.While the ball
is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant
force of 12.0 N on the ball.
11. How far from the building does the ball hit the ground?
Answer: 72.0 m
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the
information below.
A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the
roof of a building 176.4 m high.While the ball
is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant
force of 12.0 N on the ball.
12. When the ball hits the ground, what is its speed?
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the
information below.
A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the
roof of a building 176.4 m high.While the ball
is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant
force of 12.0 N on the ball.
12. When the ball hits the ground, what is its speed?
Answer: 63.6 m/s
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the
passage.
A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck.
For each situation described below, indicate the motion
of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the
crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit
the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither.
Disregard friction.
13. Starting at rest, the truck accelerates to the right.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the
passage.
A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck.
For each situation described below, indicate the motion
of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the
crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit
the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither.
Disregard friction.
13. Starting at rest, the truck accelerates to the right.
Answer: at rest, moves to the left, hits back wall
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the
passage.
A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck.
For each situation described below, indicate the motion
of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the
crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit
the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither.
Disregard friction.
14. The crate is at rest relative to the truck while the
truck moves with a constant velocity to the right.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the
passage.
A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck.
For each situation described below, indicate the motion
of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the
crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit
the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither.
Disregard friction.
14. The crate is at rest relative to the truck while the
truck moves with a constant velocity to the right.
Answer: moves to the right, at rest, neither
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the
passage.
A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck.
For each situation described below, indicate the motion
of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the
crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit
the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither.
Disregard friction.
15. The truck in item 14 slows down.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Short Response, continued
Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the
passage.
A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck.
For each situation described below, indicate the motion
of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the
crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit
the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither.
Disregard friction.
15. The truck in item 14 slows down.
Answer: moves to the right, moves to the right,
hits front wall
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response
16. A student pulls a rope attached to a 10.0 kg wooden
sled and moves the sled across dry snow. The student
pulls with a force of 15.0 N at an angle of 45.0º.
If mk between the sled and the snow is 0.040, what
is the sled’s acceleration? Show your work.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response
16. A student pulls a rope attached to a 10.0 kg wooden
sled and moves the sled across dry snow. The student
pulls with a force of 15.0 N at an angle of 45.0º.
If mk between the sled and the snow is 0.040, what
is the sled’s acceleration? Show your work.
Answer: 0.71 m/s2
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response, continued
17. You can keep a 3 kg book from dropping by pushing
it horizontally against a wall. Draw force diagrams,
and identify all the forces involved. How do they
combine to result in a zero net force? Will the force
you must supply to hold the book up be different for
different types of walls? Design a series of
experiments to test your answer. Identify exactly
which measurements will be necessary and what
equipment you will need.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Standardized Test Prep
Extended Response, continued
17. You can keep a 3 kg book from dropping by pushing
it horizontally against a wall. Draw force diagrams,
and identify all the forces involved. How do they
combine to result in a zero net force? Will the force
you must supply to hold the book up be different for
different types of walls? Design a series of
experiments to test your answer. Identify exactly
which measurements will be necessary and what
equipment you will need.
Answer: Plans should involve measuring forces such
as weight, applied force, normal force, and friction.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company