Transcript Introductory Physics

Introductory Physics
How we describe motion
• Speed – how fast
something is moving
• Velocity – speed and
direction
• Acceleration – change
in velocity
• Acceleration of Gravity
– 9.8 m/s2
How we describe motion
• Momentum – an
object’s mass X velocity
• Mass – amount of
matter
• Force – required to
change on object’s
momentum
• Weight – force
measured by a scale,
mass X gravity’s accel.
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s First Law
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Second Law
Newton’s Laws of Motion
F  ma
Newton’s Second Law
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Third Law
Angular Momentum
• Similar to momentum,
but moving in a circle
• L=mXvXr
• Angular momentum is
conserved
ENERGY
Types of Energy
• Kinetic Energy – involves motion
• Radiative Energy – involves light
• Potential Energy – might later be converted to
other forms of energy
Thermal Energy
Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential
Conservation Laws
• Conservation of momentum
• Conservation of angular momentum
• Conservation of energy
Force of Gravity
Newton’s Law vs. Kepler’s Law
Newton’s Law vs. Kepler’s Law
Newton’s Law
Kepler’s Law
M 1M 2
Fg  G
2
d
p  ka
2
Newton’s Kepler’s Law
4
3
p 
a
GM1  M 2 
2
2
3
Gravity, Energy and Orbits
Orbital Energy
Gravity, Energy and Orbits
Gravitational Encounter
Gravity, Energy and Orbits
Escape Velocity
Tides
Spring Tides
Neap Tides
Tides