Transcript Golf Ball Speed Analysis Apparatus

Golf Ball Speed Analysis
Apparatus
ENGR 196 Honors Project, Dec. 2001
By: Dan and David Langenderfer
Faculty Mentor: Dr. H. El-Mounayri
Outline of Presentation
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Original Intent
1st conceptual design
Flaws in 1st design
2nd conceptual design
Flaws in 2nd design
Motion of apparatus
Final design
Changes to final
design
Components
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Animation at 30°
Animation at 25°
Graphs of
acceleration, velocity,
forces, and position
Limitations
Possible
Improvements
Original Intent of Project
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Find speed of baseball after being hit by a
bat.
Slow the measuring apparatus down.
Design apparatus to have relatively no
vibration.
st
1
Design
Flaws in 1st Design
The parts would have to be big to with
stand speed.
 The arms used to slow the mechanism
down may fly apart.
 The joints would not be pin joints,
instead they would have to pivot.
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2nd Design
Flaws In Second Design
The spring would have a large recoil
velocity.
 The recoil velocity could injure the
player or break his equipment.
 The parts would have to be rigid and
strong for their size.
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Motion of Apparatus
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Forces applied by the putter to the ball.
Ball arm pivots on center shaft, while arrow
indicates speed of initial impact.
Spring attached to ball arm counteracts the
initial impact of the putter.
Ball returns to initial position.
Final Design
Changes In Final Design
(Throughout Process)
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Removed the spring from the shaft.
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Connected arrow to the ball-arm.
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Added half-sphere to the stop.
Components of Final Design
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Base Feature
Ball-Arm
Top Retainer
Indicator Arrow
Putter
Spring (Removed from final assembly do to
complications in Pro Mechanica).
Base Feature
Ball-Arm
Top Retainer
Indicator Arrow
Putter
Spring
Assembly
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Aligned center axis of base feature with
center axis of the ball-arm.
Mated the ball-arm, indicator arrow, and top
retainer.
Initial Conditions
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Putter
Angle1 = 0.5236
radians
Velocity = 0.17244
radians per second
Angle2 = 0.4363
radians
 Velocity = 0.17244
radians per second
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Ball arm
Angle1 = 0 radians
Velocity = 0 radians
per second
Angle2 = 0 radians
 Velocity = 0 radians
per second
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Animation at 30º
(click on image)
Animation at 25º
(click on image)
Results
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Angular Acceleration
Angular Velocity
Joint Force
Joint Torque
Shoulder Force
Shoulder Torque
Point Acceleration
Point Position
Point Velocity
Angular Acceleration
Angle
25°
Angular Acceleration
(radians/second2)
Pivot Joint
Shoulder
50
5
0
4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
-50
1.4
3
2
-100
1
-150
0
-200
-1
-250
-2
-300
-3
-350
-4
Angle
30°
Angular Acceleration
(radians/second2)
Time (seconds)
50
5
0
4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
-50
1.0
1.2
1.4
3
2
-100
1
-150
0
-200
-1
-250
-2
-300
-3
-350
-4
Time (seconds)
Angular Velocity
Pivot Joint
Shoulder
40
2
Angle
25°
Angular Velocity
(radians/second)
30
1.5
20
1
10
0
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-10
0
-20
-0.5
-30
-40
-1
Time (seconds)
40
2
30
Angle
30°
Angular Velocity
(radians/second)
1.5
20
1
10
0
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-10
0
-20
-0.5
-30
-40
-1
Time (seconds)
Joint Force
Pivot Joint
3.5
Angle
25°
Force (pounds)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Time (seconds)
3.5
Angle
30°
Force (pounds)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Time (seconds)
Joint Torque
Pivot Joint
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
Angle
25°
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Time (seconds)
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
Angle
30°
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Time (seconds)
Shoulder Force
Shoulder
3.6
Angle
25°
Force (pounds)
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Time (seconds)
3.6
Angle
30°
Force (pounds)
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Time (seconds)
Shoulder Torque
Shoulder
1.5
1.4
1.3
Angle
25°
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Time (seconds)
1.5
1.4
1.3
Angle
30°
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Time (seconds)
Point Acceleration
Ball
Arrow Tip
7000
Angle
25°
Angular Acceleration
(radians/second2)
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-1000
Time (seconds)
Angle
30°
Angular Acceleration
(radians/second2)
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
-1000
Time (seconds)
Point Position
Ball
Arrow Tip
14
Angle
25°
Distance (radians)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Time (seconds)
Angle
30°
Distance (radians)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Time (seconds)
Point Velocity
Ball
Arrow Tip
180
Angle
25°
Angular Velocity
(radians/second)
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
-20
Time (seconds)
180
160
Angle
30°
Angular Velocity
(radians/second)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
-20
Time (seconds)
Limitations
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Scale is not calibrated.
Indicator arrow does not help golfer find
velocity, distance, or force.
Linear spring may affect results.
Ball-arm hits support for scale.
Motion never stops.
Possible Improvements
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Different source of resistance.
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Move support for scale.