Transcript Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage

PRESENTED BY:
AMRUTHA P S
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Contents
 Introduction
 History
 What is SMES
 Components of SMES
 Operating principle
 Application
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Conclusion
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Introduction
RENEWABLE energy sources will have a key role in supplying energy in the
future. There are several issues regarding large scale integration of new
renewable into the power system. One of the problems is the security of supply.
These energy sources will provide energy, or not provide, independent of the
demand. The output power can also have relatively large variations within a
short time span. A solution to this problem is the concept of energy storage, and
there are several different concepts. There are devices which can store large
amounts of energy, but do not react so fast. In the other end there are fast acting
devices which store smaller amounts of energy. Superconducting Magnetic
Energy Storage (SMES) is placed in this group.
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Historical Review Of SMES
 1969:first concept was proposed by Ferrierin in France.
 1971: research performed in university of Wisconsin in
the US
 This research led to construction of the first SMES
device
 High temperature super conductors (HTS)
Appeared commercially in late 90 s
 1997: first signifying size HTS – SMES was developed
by American super conductors.
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SMES SYSTEM
• Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) is an
energy storage
system that stores energy in the form of dc
electricity by passing current through the superconductor and
stores the energy in the form of a dc magnetic field.
•The conductor for carrying the current operates at cryogenic
temperature where it becomes superconductor and thus has
virtually no resistive losses as it produces the magnetic field.
• The magnetic field is created by flow of direct current through
the coil
•.SMES systems are highly efficient; the efficiency is greater than
98%.
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Components of SMES system
 Superconducting coil
with the magnet
 The power conditioning
system (PCS)
 The cryogenic system
 The control unit
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Superconducting Coil
 Main part of a SMES system
 Most superconducting coils are wound using conductors which are comprised of many
fine filaments of a niobium-titanium (NbTi) alloy embedded in a copper matrix.
 The Size of the coil depends
upon the energy storage require-
ment .
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Power Conditioning System
The power conditioning system uses an
transform
inverter/ rectifier to
alternating current (AC) power to direct current or
convert DC back to AC power.
An ac/dc PCS is used for two purposes:
• One is to convert electric energy from dc to ac.
• The other is to charge and discharge the coil.
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Cryogenic Unit
The SMES coil must be maintained at a temperature sufficiently low to maintain
a superconducting state. Commercial SMES temperature is about 4.5 K.
It uses helium as the coolant or liquid nitrogen.
The refrigerator consist of one or more compressor -cold box
 It affect the overall
efficiency and cost of
SMES system.
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Control system
 Establishes a link between power demands from the grid and power flow to
and from the SMES coil.
 Maintains system safety and sends system status information to the
operator.
 Modern systems are tied to the internet to provide remote observation and
control.
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SMES System
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Operation Of SMES
 There are three different modes of operations of the SMES coil :-
Charging mode
• Stand-by mode
• Discharging mode
•
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Applications Of SMES
 Paper industry
 Motor vehicle assembly
 Petrochemical Refineries
 Chemical & pharmaceutical Companies
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Advantages of SMES
 SMES systems have the ability of fast response.
 They can switch from charge to discharge state (vice versa) within
seconds.
 The absence of moving parts and high efficiency are some additional
advantages.
 It can be deployed in places where other technologies such as battery
system or compressed air are not feasible.
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Common Challenges
 Main drawback of the SMES technology is the need of large amount power
to keep the coil at low temperature, combined with the high overall cost for
the employment of such unit.
 To achieve commercially useful levels of storage, around 1 GW.h a SMES
installation would need a loop of around 100 miles (160 km).
 Another problem is the infrastructure required for an installation.
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Market Analysis
 It is estimated that, over 100 MW of SMES units are now operating in
worldwide.
.
 At the larger scale, the projected development of a 100 MWh load leveling
system could be implemented during 2020-30.
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Conclusion
With the advancement in the science of superconductor technology , cost of
installation of the SMES system is eventually going to be comparable to that of
the existing storage technologies.
Hence, it will promote this system which is capable of discharging larger amount
of energy for short period of time thus helping with dynamic performance.
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References
1.
Z. Wang, Z. Zou, Yang Zheng, “Design and control of a photovoltaic
energy and SMES hybrid with current source grid inverter,” IEEE
Trans. Appl. supercond. Vol.2, no.3, pp.254-253, Jun.2013.
2. R.M. Vamsee, D.S. Bankar, “Control of system under normal grid
condition,” IEEE Trans. Power. electron. Vol.22, no.2, pp.587-594,
mar.2011.
3.
Wikipedia
4.
slideshare
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