Transcript document

Momentum
Which object has the greatest
momentum?
(A) a 5.00-kg mass moving at 10.0 m/s
(B) a 10.0-kg mass moving at 1.00 m/s
(C) a 15.0-kg mass moving at 10.0 m/s
(D) a 20.0-kg mass moving at 1.00 m/s
What is the speed of a 1.0×103-kg car that has
a momentum of 2.0×104 kg•m/ s east?
(A) 5.0 × 10–2 m/s
(B) 2.0 × 101 m/s
(C) 1.0 × 104 m/s
(D) 2.0 × 107 m/s
Impulse
A 60-kg rollerskater exerts a 10-N force on a
30-kg rollerskater for 0.20 second. What is
the magnitude of the impulse applied to the
30-kg rollerskater?
(A) 50 N•s
(B) 2.0 N•s
(C) 6.0 N•s
(D) 12 N•s
A 0.149-kilogram baseball, initially moving at
15 meters per second, is brought to rest in
0.040 second by a baseball glove on a
catcher’s hand. The magnitude of the average
force exerted on the ball by the glove is
(A) 2.2 N
(B) 2.9 N
(C) 17 N
(D) 56 N
Elastic
At the circus, a 100-kilogram clown is fired at
15 meters per second from a 500-kilogram
cannon. What is the recoil speed of the
cannon?
(A) 75 m/s
(B) 15 m/s
(C) 3.0 m/s
(D) 5.0 m/s
Ball A of mass 5.0 kg moving at 20 m/s
collides with ball B of unknown mass moving
at 10 m/s in the same direction. After the
collision, ball A moves at 10 m/s and ball B
at 15 m/s, both still in the same direction.
What is the mass of ball B?
(A) 6.0 kg
(B) 2.0 kg
(C) 10. kg
(D) 12 kg
Inelastic
A 3.0-kg steel block is at rest on a friction-less
horizontal surface. A 1.0-kg lump of clay is
propelled horizontally at 6.0 m/s toward the
block. Upon collision, the clay and steel block
stick together and move to the right with a
speed of
(A) 1.5 m/s
(B) 3.0 m/s
(C) 6.0 m/s
(D) 2.0 m/s
A 3.1-kilogram gun initially at rest is free to
move. When a 0.015-kilogram bullet leaves
the gun with a speed of 500 m/s, what is the
speed of the gun?
(A) 0.0 m/s
(B) 2.4 m/s
(C) 7.5 m/s
(D) 500 m/s
At the circus, a 100-kg clown is fired at 15
m/s from a 500-kg cannon. What is the recoil
speed of the cannon?
(A) 75 m/s
(B) 3.0 m/s
(C) 15 m/s
(D) 5.0 m/s
ENERGY
LCHS
Dr.E
An egg is dropped from a third-story
window. The distance the egg falls from
the window to the ground is closest to
(A) 100 m
(B) 101 m
2
(C) 10 m
3
(D) 10 m
Which body is in equilibrium?
(A) a satellite orbiting Earth in a circular
orbit
(B) a ball falling freely toward the surface
of Earth
(C) a car moving with a constant speed
along a straight, level road
(D) a projectile at the highest point in its
trajectory
Work
A student does 60 joules of work pushing a
3.0-kilogram box up the full length of a
ramp that is 5.0 meters long. What is the
magnitude of the force applied to the box to
do this work?
(A) 20 N
(B) 15 N
(C) 12 N
(D) 4.0 N
Which combination of fundamental units
can be used to express energy?
(A) kg•m/s
(B) kg•m2/s
(C) kg•m/s2
(D) kg•m2/s2
The diagram shows points A, B, and C at or
near Earth’s surface. As a mass is moved from
A to B, 100 joules of work are done against
gravity. What is the amount of work done
against gravity as an identical mass is moved
from A to C?
(A) 100 J (B) 173 J (C) 200 J (D) 273
Kinetic Energy
A 15.0-kilogram mass is moving at 7.50
meters per second on a horizontal,
frictionless surface. What is the total
work that must be done on the mass to
increase its speed to 11.5 meters per
second?
(A) 120 J
(B) 422 J
(C) 570 J
(D) 992 J
A 75-kilogram bicyclist coasts down a
hill at a constant speed of 12 meters per
second. What is the kinetic energy of the
bicyclist?
(A) 4.5 × 102 J
(B) 9.0 × 102 J
(C) 5.4 × 103 J
(D) 1.1 × 104 J
If the speed of a car is doubled, the
kinetic energy of the car is
(A) quadrupled
(B) quartered
(C) doubled
(D) halved
Potential
Energy
The gravitational potential energy, with
respect to Earth, that is possessed by an
object is dependent on the object’s
(A) acceleration
(B) momentum
(C) position
(D) speed
The diagram represents a 155-N box on a
ramp. Applied force F causes the box to
slide from point A to point B. What is the
total amount of gravitational potential
energy gained by the box?
(A) 28.4 J
(B) 279 J
(C) 868 J
(D) 2740 J
A 60-kg student climbs a ladder a vertical
distance of 4.0 meters in 8.0 seconds.
Approximately how much total work is
done against gravity by the student
during the climb?
(A) 2.4 ×
J
2
(B) 2.9 × 10 J
(C) 2.4 × 102 J
(D) 3.0 × 101 J
3
10
Power
A boat weighing 9.0 × 102 Newtons
2
requires a horizontal force of 6.0 × 10
Newtons to move it across the water at
1.5 × 101 meters per second. The boat’s
engine must provide energy at the rate of
(A) 2.5 × 10–2 J
(B) 4.0 × 101 W
3
(C) 7.5 × 10 J
(D) 9.0 × 103 W
A 70-kg cyclist develops 210 Watts of
power while pedaling at a constant
velocity of 7.0 m/s east. What average
force is exerted eastward on the bicycle to
maintain this constant speed?
(A) 490 N
(B) 30 N
(C) 3.0 N
(D) 0 N
Conservation of
Energy
A 1-kilogram rock is dropped from a cliff
90 meters high. After falling 20 meters,
the kinetic energy of the rock is
approximately
(A) 20 J
(B) 200 J
(C) 700 J
(D) 900 J
A ball is dropped from the top of a cliff.
Which graph best represents the
relationship between the ball’s total
energy and elapsed time as the ball falls
to the ground?
[Neglect friction.]
Circular Motion
A ball attached to
a string is moved at
constant speed in a
horizontal circular
path. A target is located near the path
of the ball as shown in the diagram. At
which point along the ball’s path
should the string be released, if the
ball is to hit the target?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
An artificial satellite makes 4
complete revolutions about the
Earth in 8 hours. The period of
revolution of the satellite is
A) ½ hour
B) 2 hours
C) 8 hours
D) 32 hours
Centripetal
Acceleration
&
Force
The diagram below shows the elliptical
orbit of a comet around the Sun.
The magnitude of the centripetal
acceleration of the comet is greatest at
point
A) A B) B
C) C D) D
A car moves with a
constant speed in a
clockwise direction
around a circular
path of radius r, as
represented in the diagram above.
When the car is in the position shown,
its acceleration is directed toward the
A) north B) west C) south D) east
A mass of 10 kilograms is
revolving at a linear speed of 5
meters per second in a circle
with a radius of 10 meters. The
centripetal force acting on the
mass is
A) 5 N
C) 20 N
B) 10 N
D) 25 N
Universal Gravitational Laws
As the distance between two
objects increases, the gravitational
force of attraction between them
will
A) decrease
B) increase
C) remain the same
The diagram below
Shows four
different locations
of a satellite in its
elliptical orbit about Earth. At
which location is the magnitude
of the satellite’s velocity greatest?
A)A
B) B
C) C
D) D
The diagram below shows
the movement of a planet
around the Sun. Area 1
equals area 2. Compared
to the time the planet takes to move from
C to D, the time it takes to move from A to B
is
A) less
B) greater
C) the same
The shapes of the paths of the planets
about the Sun are all
A) circles with the Sun at the center
B) circles with the Sun off center
C) ellipses with the Sun at the center
D) ellipses with the Sun at one focus
The comet Hyakutake, seen in the
Earth's sky in 1996, will take more than
10,000 years to complete its orbit.
Which object is at a focus of the comet's
orbit?
A) Earth
B) Sun
C) Moon
D) Jupiter
An astronaut weighs 8.00 ×
Newton’ on the surface of Earth.
What is the weight of the astronaut
6.37 × 106 meters above the surface of
Earth (2 radii total)?
2
10
A) 0.00 N
B) 2.00 × 102 N
3
C) 1.60 × 10 N
D) 3.20 × 103 N
Thermodynamics
Absolute zero is best described as the
temperature at which
A. water freezes at standard pressure
B. water is at its triple point
C. the molecules of a substance have
maximum kinetic energy
D. the molecules of a substance have
minimum kinetic energy
The sum of the kinetic and potential
energies of an object's molecules is called
the object's
A. temperature
B. heat of fusion
C. internal energy
D. specific heat
Heat will always flow from object A
to object B if object B has a lower
A. mass
B. total energy
C. specific heat
D. Temperature
What is the boiling point of water at
standard pressure on the Kelvin scale?
A. 100 K
B. 212 K
C. 273 K
D. 373 K
A thermometer is dipped into alcohol
and the alcohol is allowed to evaporate
from the thermometer. As the alcohol
evaporates, the temperature reading of
the thermometer
A. decreases
B. increases
C. remains the same
The amount of heat energy liberated
by a sample of water depends upon its
A. temperature change, only
B. temperature change and mass, only
C. temperature change and phase, only
D. temperature change, mass, and
phase
The boiling point of the substance is
A. 25°C
B. 50.°C
C. 125°C
D. 150.°C
Electrostatics
A positive test charge is placed between an
electron, e, and a proton, p, as shown in the
diagram below.
When the test charge is released, it will move
toward
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
In the diagram above, proton p, neutron n, and electron
e are located as shown between two oppositely charged
plates. The magnitude of acceleration will be greatest
for the
(A) neutron, because it has the greatest mass
(B) neutron, because it is neutral
(C) electron, because it has the smallest mass
(D) proton, because it is farthest from negative plate
Two protons are located one meter apart.
Compared to the gravitational force of
attraction between the two protons, the
electrostatic force between the protons is
(A) stronger and repulsive
(B) weaker and repulsive
(C) stronger and attractive
(D) weaker and attractive
A balloon is rubbed against a student’s hair and then
touched to a wall. The balloon “sticks” to the wall
due to
(A) electrostatic forces between the particles of the
balloon
(B) magnetic forces between the particles of the
wall
(C) electrostatic forces between the particles of the
balloon and the particles of the wall
(D) magnetic forces between the particles of the
balloon and the particles of the wall
Two positively charged masses are
separated by a distance, r. Which statement
best describes the gravitational and
electrostatic forces between the two masses?
(A) Both forces are attractive.
(B) Both forces are repulsive.
(C) The gravitational force is repulsive and
the
electrostatic force is attractive.
(D) The gravitational force is attractive and
the electrostatic force is repulsive.
A beam of electrons is directed into the electric
field between two oppositely charged parallel
plates. The electrostatic force exerted on the
electrons by the electric field is directed
(A) into the screen
(B) out of the screen
(C) toward the bottom of the screen
(D) toward the top of the screen
The diagram represents the
electric field surrounding
two charged spheres,
A and B. What is the sign of the charge of
each sphere?
(A) Sphere A is positive and sphere B is
negative.
(B) Sphere A is negative and sphere B is
positive.
(C) Both spheres are positive.
(D) Both spheres are negative.
An electroscope is a device with
a metal knob, a metal stem, and
freely hanging metal leaves used
to detect charges. The diagram shows a
positively charged leaf electroscope. As a
positively charged glass rod is brought near
the knob of the electroscope, the separation of
the electroscope leaves will
(A) decrease
(B) increase
(C) remain the same
Compared to insulators, metals
are better conductors of electricity
because metals contain more free
(A) protons
(B) positive ions
(C) electrons
(D) negative ions
How much work is done in moving
5.0 coulombs of charge against a
potential difference of 12 volts?
(A) 2.4 J
(B) 30. J
(C) 12 J
(D) 60. J
Circuits
A positive test charge is placed between an
electron, e, and a proton, p, as shown in the
diagram below.
When the test charge is released, it will move
toward
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
A complete circuit is left on for several
minutes, causing the connecting copper
wire to become hot. As the temperature
of the wire increases, the electrical
resistance of the wire
(A) decreases
(B) increases
(C) remains the same
A metal wire has length L and crosssectional area A. The resistance of the
wire is directly proportional to
(A) L A
(B) A/L
(C) L / A
(D) L + A
In a simple electric circuit, a 110-volt
electric heater draws 2.0 amperes of
current. The resistance of the heater is
(A) 0.018 Ω
(B) 28 Ω
(C) 55 Ω
(D) 220 Ω
A potential drop of 50 volts is measured
across a 250-ohm resistor. What is the
power developed in the resistor?
(A) 0.20 W
(B) 5.0 W
(C) 10 W
(D) 50 W
The circuit diagram represents four
resistors connected to a 12-volt source.
What is the total current in the circuit?
(A) 0.50 A (B) 2.0 A
(C) 8.6 A
(D) 24 A
The rate at which electrical energy is
expended in this circuit is
(A) 8.0 W
(B) 16 W
(C) 32 W
(D) 64 W
In which circuit would ammeter A show
the greatest current?
Which
circuit has
the smallest
equivalent
resistance?
In the circuit diagram shown below, ammeter A1
reads 10 amperes. What is the reading of ammeter
A2 ?
(A) 6.0 A (B) 10 A
(C) 20 A
(D) 4.0 A
Three resistors, 4 ohms, 6 ohms, and 8
ohms, are connected in parallel in an
electric circuit. The equivalent resistance
of the circuit is
(A) less than 4 Ω
(B) between 4 Ω and 8 Ω
(C) between 10 Ω and 18 Ω
(D) 18 Ω
What is the total resistance of the circuit
segment?
(A) 1.0 Ω
(B) 3.0 Ω
(C) 9.0 Ω
(D) 27 Ω