Transcript Presentation - Copernicus.org

A fresh look at the Sun,
from core to corona,
illuminated by new insight
on the physics of
gravitation
Miles Osmaston
The White Cottage, Woking, Surrey GU23 6JT, UK
[email protected]
http://osmaston.org.uk
Copyright © Miles Osmaston 2013 – 13 slides
European Planetary Science Congress
UCL, London. 12 Sept 2013
EPSC Abstracts 8, EPSC2013-249, 2013.
1
I want to show you that:• Newtonian
gravitation
is
description of what’s going on.
an
incomplete
• The
force-generating
process
also,
and
unavoidably, generates a positive-body-repelling
radial electric field - the Gravity-Electric (G-E) field –
around every gravitationally-retained assemblage.
• This field is not done by charged particles, but is
generated in the aether which fills the space
between.
• Charged particles then respond to that, and this is
what’s happening both inside and around the Sun –
and everywhere else that there’s a gravity field.
2
Gravitation: how is the force between
mass-bearing particles developed?
• Newton worked out how the force varies, but he set
aside the question of its origin.
• Einstein evaded the issue by calling the force ‘intrinsic’
to the specific bit of space occupied by each particle. His
GR equations then made the problem impossible by
assigning zero (‘infinitesimal’) volume to that bit of space!
• We now know that’s wrong; they do have space inside
them in which to develop the external property.
But Newton did believe there must be some sort of aether for
getting the force to another body. Huygens had just needed
one for doing the same with light. So let’s try that.
3
Maxwell’s aether and making particles out
of it
• To support the existence and propagation of
transverse electromagnetic waves, we implement, as
never before, the Maxwell’s equations aether (1873,
1878) as:an
all-pervasive,
massless,
compressible,
superfluid continuum of negative electric charge.
• Next,
(following Maxwell (1861a,b, 1864, 1873, 1878), W. Thomson
(Kelvin) (1867), J.J.Thomson (1883), Larmor (1894, 1897, 1904) and
Milner (1960))
we consider
particles to be ring-vortex-like constructs of
aether in motion, to ‘suck’ themselves towards one
another and provide gravity.
4
Aether charge density; particles and vortices
With an aether made of only one sort of charge, the simplest way to
make one particle positive and the other negative is to make one
include more aether and the other less, like this:From electron-positron
Notional charge density profiles
scattering at CERN we
electron
know the charge density in
aether
the core of a positron is
mean density
positron
30 coulomb/cm3.
>10
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -zero charge
So that is also the mean
density
does it "bottom"?
(= zero aether )
negative-charge density of
MFO 2000
the aether! So we ....
Notional ring-vortex structure of
aether motion in a mass-bearing
fundamental particle – electron or
quark. (section is on right)
5
Origin of the Gravity-Electric (G-E) field
In a gravitationally retained assemblage the
particles are sucking aether through themselves and
pulling themselves towards one another.
So the
particles are ‘busy’ trying to suck aether out of the
interior. But the charge-self-repulsion pressure in the
surrounding aether is trying to keep it uniform.
The resulting aether charge-density gradient is
an electric field - the G-E field. Like the Newtonian
field, the G-E field extends outside the body too.
6
Discriminatory action of the G-E field: Sun and Earth
Discriminatory action of the G-E field:
the Sun and the Earth as examples
Neutral particles can experience only the Newtonian field
but, if a plasma is sufficiently ionized, the G-E field will
develop a net outward force upon the ions, electrons
being driven inwards.
In the Sun, the electrons detached from the solar wind
ions are in the negative H ions whose opacity is responsible for the solar photosphere ‘surface’ [Wildt 1939].
Earth’s ionosphere displays the same effect. Ionization
by solar EUV releases electrons. 90% of lightning strikes
bring negative charge to ground, with a concensus
estimate of 250 kV from F-layer to ground.
So Earth’s surface G-E field is ~1 V/m and the Sun’s (if
linear extrapolated on gravity) may be ~30 V/m.
So let’s look inside it.
7
Nucleosynthesis and overburden support
• The G-E field, acting on the solar interior ions, provides an
overburden support pressure, additional to that generated by
nucleosynthesis in the core. So stability will be achieved with a
lower rate of burning than inferred in the Standard Solar Model
(SSM). Implications for:• 50% electron neutrino deficit and helioseismology. Fusion
rate varies as ~25th power of T, so a tiny drop in T would halve
neutrino output, but not be detected in helio-seismology or Sun
brightness. So is the Sun twice as old?
• solar age and planets age. They don’t need to be the same. The
Sun is an unmixed star, with only 2.5mass% above the
tachocline. I show (EPSC Potsdam 2009 and my poster P158
today) that the planets were likely formed as the Sun flew
through a second cloud, ‘contaminating’ the outer Sun to match.
• Universe age. Some stars may be much older than we thought.
8
Opacity at the solar tachocline
photosphere
‘convective’
zone
tachocline
at 0.71R8
core
radiative zone
Just below the tachocline
there’s a persistent opacity
deficit of the SSM w.r.t. helioseismology. If particles are
‘made out of aether’ the
associated aether is in random
motion too, causing additional
radiation scattering and opacity.
This may resolve the deficit.
And explain Olbers’ Paradox?
9
G-E field driver for CMEs and granulation
Large magnetic arch - precursor to a possible CME
Notional top of photosphere
Red arrows mark ionic flows not magnetically trapped in granulation
CMEs. If the footpoints of the main arch are close to the places of intergranulation ionic outflows (red arrows), those ions will spiral up the legs of
the arch, and the radial G-E field force on them at the top will stretch the
arch. If this loading becomes too great, the arch will break and release the
ions as a CME. Consistent with G-E field action is the acceleration of those
ions as they acquire energy from it.
Granulation. Sunspots look black because they expose temperatures
2000K cooler at depth. So granulation is NOT thermal convection. Solar
magnetic field is deformed into loops by gathering and preventing escape of
G-E driven solar ions from interior. Their energy heats the photosphere.
10
Coronal energy support:
the chromosphere transition zone
ionization
temp
after Madjarska 2012
Proposal. The G-E field radial
acceleration of ions through the
chromosphere may give them
enough energy, on reaching the
transition region, for mutual
impact of those ions to increase
their ionization level. This
further accelerates the G-E field
enhancement of their impact
energies. This positive
feedback could yield the
sudden rise in ionization
temperature to the several
MK of the corona, but it is not
LTE.
11
A final clincher for the reality of the
G-E field
Coronal streamers are seen to inject
SiXII and FeXIII ions into the corona. It has
been observed [Raymond, Suleiman &
Kohl, Space Science Reviews 1998] that
these ions remain supported in streamers
for months, despite that ‘the gravitational
settling time is of the order of a day’.
Surely the Sun’s G-E field
is providing that support!
12
Main Conclusions
Maxwell’s aether, fully implemented, is a continuum of negative
electric charge, with a ‘normal’ charge density exceeding 1030 C/cm3.
Fundamental particles develop their external mass property and
mutual gravitation by the sucking action of an internal vortex of
aether motion.
The Gravity-Electric (G-E) field, radial to any Newtonian assemblage
and due to this aether-sucking action, is always present too. ~30v-V/m@Sun
In the Sun’s core, G-E field support of the overburden permits slower
burning, thus explaining the ~50% deficit of electron neutrinos.
The Sun’s sub-tachocline interior can be much older than the planets
if these were made during a second-cloud solar passage and accretion
- see my poster P158 today, Session PD3/EX4.
Magnetic arches define granulation, and CMEs at a higher level. The
radial G-E force on entrained ions breaks the arches (flares, CMEs).
G-E field action drives the steep rise of ionization level from
chromosphere to corona by positive feedback involving the mutual
impact of disparate ions.
13
Thank you