Transcript FLUID KINEMATICS AND BOUNDARY LAYER CONCEPTS

VELTECH Dr RR & Dr SR TECHNICAL
UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
U3MEA03 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY
• OBJECTIVES
• To familiarize with conservation laws and
dimensional analysis to fluid flow problems
• To familiarize flow through closed conduits
and hydraulic machines
UNIT I-BASIC CONCEPTS AND
PROPERTIES
• Fluid – definition, distinction between solid and
fluid - Units and dimensions - Properties of fluids
- density, specific weight, specific volume, specific
gravity, temperature, viscosity, compressibility,
vapour pressure, capillary and surface tension Fluid statics: concept of fluid static pressure,
absolute and gauge pressures - pressure
measurements by manometers and pressure
gauges.
Fluid Mechanics
Fluid mechanics is that branch of science which
deals with the behaviour of fluids (liquids or
gases) at rest as well as in motion. Thus this
branch of science deals with the static,
kinematics and dynamic aspects of fluids. The
study of fluids at rest is called fluid statics. The
study of fluids in motion, where pressure forces
are not considered, is called fluid kinematics and
if the pressure forces are also considered for the
fluids in motion, that branch of science is called
fluid dynamics.
Field of Fluid Mechanics can be
divided into 3 branches:
• Fluid Statics: mechanics of fluids at rest
• Kinematics: deals with velocities and
streamlines w/o considering forces or energy
• Fluid Dynamics: deals with the relations
between velocities and accelerations and
forces exerted by or upon fluids in motion
APPLICATIONS
Mechanics of fluids is extremely important in many areas
of engineering and science. Examples are:
• Biomechanics
– Blood flow through arteries
• Meteorology and Ocean Engineering
– Movements of air currents and water currents
• Chemical Engineering
– Design of chemical processing equipment
• Mechanical Engineering
– Design of pumps, turbines, air-conditioning
equipment, pollution-control equipment, etc.
• Civil Engineering
– Transport of river sediments
– Pollution of air and water
– Design of piping systems
– Flood control systems
Dimensions and Units
• Before going into details of fluid mechanics,
we stress importance of units
• In U.S, two primary sets of units are used:
– 1. SI (Systeme International) units
– 2. English units
Unit Table
Quantity
SI Unit
English Unit
Length (L)
Meter (m)
Foot (ft)
Mass (m)
Kilogram (kg)
Time (T)
Second (s)
Slug (slug) =
lb*sec2/ft
Second (sec)
Temperature (  ) Celcius (oC)
Farenheit (oF)
Force
Pound (lb)
Newton
(N)=kg*m/s2
UNIT II-FLUID KINEMATICS AND
BOUNDARY LAYER CONCEPTS
Fluid Kinematics - Flow visualization - lines of
flow - types of flow - continuity equation (one
dimensional differential forms)- fluid dynamics
- equations of motion - Euler's equation along a
streamline - Bernoulli's equation – applications
- Venturi meter, Orifice meter, Pitot tube Boundary layer flows, boundary layer
thickness, boundary layer separation - drag and
lift coefficients.
UNIT III-FLOW THROUGH PIPES
Viscous flow - Navier - Stoke's equation
(Statement only) - Shear stress, pressure gradient
relationship - laminar flow between parallel
plates - Laminar flow through circular tubes
(Hagen poiseulle's) - Hydraulic and energy
gradient - flow through pipes - Darcy -weisback's
equation - pipe roughness -friction factor-minor
losses - flow through pipes in series and in
parallel - power transmission
UNIT IV-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS
AND HYDRAULIC TURBINES
Dimensional analysis - Buckingham's  theoremapplications - similarity laws and models.
Hydro turbines: definition and classifications Pelton turbine - Francis turbine - Kaplan turbine working principles - velocity triangles - work done
- specific speed - efficiencies -performance curve
for turbines.
UNIT V-PUMPS
• Pumps: definition and classifications Centrifugal pump: classifications, working
principles, velocity triangles, specific speed,
efficiency and performance curves Reciprocating pump: classification, working
principles, indicator diagram, work saved by
air vessels and performance curves cavitations in pumps -priming- slip- rotary
pumps: working principles of gear, jet and
vane pumps.
THANK YOU