Transcript Detector Development and physics studies in high energy

Detector development and physics
studies in high energy physics
experiments
Shashikant Dugad
Department of High Energy Physics Review,
3-9 Jan 2008
Motivation
• DAE-DST Vision meeting (7-8 April 2006)
– Need for core detector development
Silicon Photomultiplier
GRAPES Muon/HCAL
Imaging γ-ray Telescope
MACE(BARC)
ILC-HCAL
INO-ECAL
Space experiment?
(ISRO)
Water Cherenkov with
WLS Readout
Tracking Detector
Muon detector for GRAPES
Calorimeter
HCAL for GRAPES
ECAL for INO?
Many Other applications
Experimental nuclear physics
Imaging
Photo Devices
PMT
Large gain (106)
Cost prohibitive for large
scale requirement
Sensitive to magnetic field
APD
HPD
Low gain (~100) solid
state device
Small gain (~1000) solid
state device
Cost not as high as PMT
Cost as high as PMT
In-sensitive to magnetic
field
In-sensitive to magnetic
field
Occupies small volume
Occupies small volume
Occupies large volume
Silicon Photomultiplier
Low cost, high gain, fast timing device
SiPM
• APD operated above breakdown voltage
– Geiger response mode
• Essentially a logical device
– converted to photon counting by having large array of
such diodes in small area
APD
SiPM
Typical design
• A micropixel of SiPM has a drift region at few micron epitaxy layer on low resistive P substrate.
• PN junction in epitaxy layer provides a depletion region with high electric field where Geiger mode
discharge occurs with incoming photons.
• Electrical decoupling of the pixels provided by silicon resistive strips.
• Uniformity of the electric field within a pixel by n- guard rings or trench.
• All micropixels is connected by common Al strip to readout.
• Gain ~106 @ ~50 V working bias
• Low electronic noise
-> Noise: Dark rate(~2 Mhz) is originated from thermally produced charge carriers
• Hye-Young Lee
Electrical decoupling
to readout
the signal
Uniformity of the electric field
Topology of SiPM
Geiger region
106
E, (V/cm)
•
104
102
0
Doping profile
Electric field
N+
Drift region
Phos ~1017
P+
Boron ~1015
1
x (um)
2
Electric field distribution in epitaxy layer
MIP With SiPM in HO-CMS
SiPM development plan
• SiPM characterization facility
– In progress at Ooty with help from HCAL-CMS collaboration
• Packaging and assembly of the device
– In progress with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
• Device and Process Simulation,
Fabrication
– BEL, Banglore
– Semiconductor Complex Limited, Chandigarh
Initial Setup for SiPM Study at Ooty
SiPM
Amplifier
MSO
Characterization of CPTA-SiPM
Team
• BARC
– Chandratre etal.
• Expertise in device development
– Choudhary etal.
• Radiation tests
• ISRO
– Discussions with Dr. Sreekumar in progress
• TIFR
– Sudeshna Banerjee, S.R. Dugad, S.K. Gupta, P.K. Mohanty
– Jagadeesan, A. Jain, S. Karthikeyan, K. Manjunath ...
Water Cherenkov (WC) Detectors
• This technique is in use in detection of muons, electrons etc.
(GRAPES Ooty, Kamioka, AUGER …)
• WC detector used at Ooty has good timing response but poor
uniformity with no directinality
• Plans to make WC detector with good uniformity, timing and
directionality
– If we succeed then it can be used as an alternative to scintillators in
large air shower array for measuring electromagnetic component
– Muon detector with good angular resolution
– Hadron/Electromagnetic Calorimeter for GRAPES/INO
Design
• Rectangular tube filled with distilled water doped
with popop
• Several WLS fibers anchored along the length
which carries photons to photo device
• Dimension: 50x4.6x4.6 cm3 with 16 WLS fibers
Photoelectron yield of Water Cherenkov Detector
Timing Response
Summary
• Plans
– Silicon Photomultiplier
• Characterization laboratory for SiPM
• Develop packaging and assembly line
• Fabricate SiPM
– Water Cherenkov detector
• Optimize the performance
• Make prototype tracking detector with PMT/SiPM readout
• Expose it to ~GeV electron beam at INDUS-Indore to validate
its calorimetric performance
Performance of SiPM
• Danilov etal.