Transcript SS Review for Final

SS Review for Final
June 16, 2004
Velocity is to speed as
displacement is to
(A) acceleration
(B) momentum
(C) time
(D) distance
The diagram shows a resultant vector,
R. Which diagram best represents
a pair of component vectors, A and B, that
would combine to form resultant vector R?
A person is standing on a bathroom scale
in an elevator car. If the scale reads a
value greater than the weight of the
person at rest, the elevator car could be
moving
(A) downward at constant speed
(B) upward at constant speed
(C) downward at increasing speed
(D) upward at increasing speed
The diagram represents the path of an object
after it was thrown. What happens to the
object’s acceleration as it
travels from A to B?
(A) It decreases.
(B) It increases.
(C) It remains the same.
A 0.2-kg red ball is thrown horizontally at a
speed of 4 m/s from a height of 3 meters. A 0.4kg green ball is thrown horizontally from the
same height at a speed of 8 m/s. Compared to
the time it takes the red ball to reach the
ground, the time it takes the green ball to reach
the ground is
(A) one-half as great
(B) the same
(C) twice as great
(D) four times as great
The acceleration due to gravity on the surface
of planet X is 19.6 meters per second2. If an
object on the surface of this planet weighs 980
Newtons, the mass of the object is
(A) 50.0 kg
(B) 490 N
(C) 100 kg
(D) 908 N
A basketball player jumped straight up to grab
a rebound. If she was in the air for 0.80
second, how high did she jump?
(A) 0.50 m
(B) 1.2 m
(C) 0.78 m
(D) 3.1 m
The force required to start an object sliding across a
uniform horizontal surface is larger than the force
required to keep the object sliding at a constant
velocity. The magnitudes of the required forces are
different in these situations because the force of
kinetic friction
(A) is greater than the force of static friction
(B) is less than the force of static friction
(C) increases as the speed of the object relative to
the surface increases
(D) decreases as the speed of the object relative to
the surface increases
A 50-kilogram student threw a 0.40kilogram ball with a speed of 20 meters
per second. What was the magnitude of
the impulse that the student
exerted on the ball?
(A) 8.0 N•s
(B) 4.0 × 102 N•s
(C) 78 N•s
(D) 1.0 × 103 N•s
A man is pushing a baby stroller. Compared to
the magnitude of the force exerted on the
stroller by the man, the magnitude of the force
exerted on the man by the stroller is
(A) zero
(B) smaller, but greater than zero
(C) larger
(D) the same
The work done in moving a block across a
rough surface and the heat energy gained by
the block can both be measured in
(A) Watts
(B) Newtons
(C) Degrees
(D) Joules
Two weightlifters, one 1.5 meters tall and one
2.0 meters tall, raise identical 50-kilogram
masses above their heads. Compared to the
work done by the weightlifter who is 1.5
meters tall, the work done by the weightlifter
who is 2.0 meters tall is
(A) less
(B) greater
(C) the same
A 45.0-kilogram boy is riding a 15.0kilogram bicycle with a speed of 8.00 meters
per second. What is the combined kinetic
energy of the boy and the bicycle?
(A) 240. J
(B) 1440 J
(C) 480 J
(D) 1920 J
A 5-newton force causes a spring to stretch
0.2 meter. What is the potential energy stored
in the stretched spring?
(A) 1 J
(B) 0.2 J
(C) 0.5 J
(D) 0.1 J
A 40-kilogram student runs up a staircase to a
floor that is 5.0 meters higher than her starting
point in 7.0 seconds. The student’s power
output is
(A) 29 W
(B) 1.4 × 103 W
(C) 280 W
(D) 1.4 × 104 W
Which type of field is present near a moving
electric charge?
(A) an electric field, only
(B) a magnetic field, only
(C) both an electric field and a magnetic field
(D) neither an electric field nor a magnetic
field
A negatively charged plastic comb is brought
close to, but does not touch, a small piece of
paper. If the comb and the paper are attracted
to each other, the charge on the paper
(A) may be negative or neutral
(B) may be positive or neutral
(C) must be negative
(D) must be positive
The current traveling from the cathode to the
screen in a television picture tube is
5.0 × 10–5 ampere. How many electrons strike
the screen in 5.0 seconds? (1 C = 6.24×1018)
(A) 3.1 × 1024
(B) 1.6 × 1015
(C) 6.3 × 1018
(D) 1.0 × 105
A moving electron is deflected by two
oppositely charged parallel plates, as shown in
the diagram. The electric field between the
plates is directed from
(A) A to B
(B) C to D
(C) B to A
(D) D to C
The diagram shows two identical metal spheres, A
and B, separated by distance d. Each sphere has mass
m and possesses charge q.
Which diagram best represents the electrostatic force
Fe and the gravitational force Fg acting on sphere B
due to sphere A?
The electric circuit consists of a 12-volt
battery, a 3.0-ohm resistor, R1, and a variable
resistor, R2. At what value must the variable
resistor be set to produce a current of 1.0
ampere through R1?
(A) 6.0 Ω
(B) 3.0 Ω
(C) 9.0 Ω
(D) 12 Ω
A single vibratory disturbance moving
through a medium is called
(A) a node
(B) a standing wave
(C) an antinode
(D) a pulse
An electric bell connected to a battery is sealed
inside a large jar. What happens as the air is
removed from the jar?
(A) The electric circuit stops working because
electromagnetic radiation can not travel
through a vacuum.
(B) The bell’s pitch decreases because the
frequency of the sound waves is lower in a
vacuum than in air.
(C) The bell’s loudness increases because of
decreased air resistance.
(D) The bell’s loudness decreases because sound
waves can not travel through a vacuum.
As a sound wave passes from water, where the speed
is 1.49 × 103 meters per second, into air, the wave’s
speed
(A) decreases and its frequency remains the same
(B) increases and its frequency remains the same
(C) remains the same and its frequency decreases
(D) remains the same and its frequency increases
Which phenomenon occurs when an object
absorbs wave energy that matches the object’s
natural frequency?
(A) reflection
(B) resonance
(C) diffraction
(D) interference
A wave is diffracted as it passes through an
opening in a barrier. The amount of diffraction
that the wave undergoes depends on both the
(A) amplitude and frequency of the incident
wave
(B) wavelength and speed of the incident wave
(C) wavelength of the incident wave and the
size of the opening
(D) amplitude of the incident wave and the
size of the opening
A source of waves and an observer are moving
relative to each other. The observer will detect
a steadily increasing frequency if
(A) he moves toward the source at a constant
speed
(B) the source moves away from him at a
constant speed
(C) he accelerates toward the source
(D) the source accelerates away from him
Which wave diagram has both wavelength (λ)
and amplitude (A) labeled correctly?
A laser beam is
directed at the
surface of a
smooth, calm
pond. Which
organisms could
be illuminated by the laser light?
(A) the bird and the fish
(B) the crab and the seaweed
(C) the bird and the seaweed
(D) the crab and the fish
The diagram below represents two waves of
equal amplitude and frequency approaching
point P as they move through the same
medium. As the two waves pass through each
other, the medium at point P will
(A) vibrate up and down
(B) vibrate into and out of the page
(C) vibrate left and right
(D) remain stationary
A constant unbalanced force is applied to an
object for a period of time. Which graph best
represents the acceleration of the object as a
function of elapsed time?
The graph represents the kinetic energy, gravitational
potential energy, and total mechanical energy of a
moving block. Which best describes the motion of the
block?
(A) accelerating on a flat horizontal surface
(B) falling freely
(C) sliding up a frictionless incline
(D) being lifted at constant velocity
The diameter of a United States penny is
closest to
(A) 100 m
(B) 10–1 m
(C) 10–2 m
(D) 10–3 m
A 20-ohm resistor and a
30-ohm resistor are connected
in parallel to a 12-volt battery as shown. An
ammeter is connected as shown. What is the
equivalent resistance of the circuit?
(A) 10. Ω
(B) 25 Ω
(C) 12 Ω
(D) 50. Ω
A 20-ohm resistor and a
30-ohm resistor are connected
in parallel to a 12-volt battery as shown. An
ammeter is connected as shown. What is the
current reading of the ammeter?
(A) 1.0 A
(B) 0.40 A
(C) 0.60 A
(D) 0.20 A
A 20-ohm resistor and a
30-ohm resistor are connected
in parallel to a 12-volt battery as shown. An
ammeter is connected as shown. What is the
power of the 30-ohm resistor?
(A) 4.8 W
(B) 12 W
(C) 30 W
(D) 75 W
Which graph best represents the relationship
between the magnitude of the electric field
strength, E, around a point charge and the
distance, r, from the point charge?
Several pieces of copper wire, all having the
same length but different diameters, are kept at
room temperature. Which graph best represents
the resistance, R, of the wires as a function of
their cross-sectional areas, A?
The combined mass of a race car and its
driver is 600. kilograms. Traveling at
constant speed, the car completes one lap
around a circular track of radius 160 meters
in 36 seconds.
Calculate the angular velocity of the car in
rpm.
The combined mass of a race car and its
driver is 600. kilograms. Traveling at
constant speed, the car completes one lap
around a circular track of radius 160 meters
in 36 seconds.
Calculate the speed of the car in m/s.
The combined mass of a race car and its
driver is 600 kilograms. Traveling at constant
speed, the car completes one lap around a
circular track of radius 160 meters in 36
seconds.
Calculate the magnitude of the centripetal
acceleration of the car in m/s2.
The combined mass of a race car and its
driver is 600 kilograms. Traveling at constant
speed, the car completes one lap around a
circular track of radius 160 meters in 36
seconds.
Calculate the magnitude of the centripetal
force of the car in N.
An 8.00-kilogram ball is fired horizontally
from a 1.00 × 103-kilogram cannon initially at
rest. After having been fired, the momentum
of the ball is 2.40 × 103 kg•m/s
east.
Calculate the magnitude of the cannon’s
velocity in m/s after the ball is fired.
An 8.00-kilogram ball is fired horizontally
from a 1.00 × 103-kilogram cannon initially at
rest. After having been fired, the momentum
of the ball is 2.40 × 103 kg•m/s
east.
Identify the magnitude of the cannonball’s
velocity in m/s after the ball is fired.
During a 5.0-second interval, an object’s
velocity changes from 25 meters per
second east to 15 meters per second east.
Determine the magnitude of the object’s
acceleration in m/s2.
A student conducted an experiment
to determine the resistance of a
light bulb. As she applied various
potential differences to the bulb, she recorded the
voltages and corresponding currents.
According to the graph, as the potential difference
increased, the resistance of the light bulb
(A) decreased
(B) increased
(C) changed, but there is not enough information to
know which way
A student plucks a guitar string and the vibrations
produce a sound wave with a frequency of 650
hertz. The sound wave produced can best be
described as a
(A) transverse wave of constant amplitude
(B) longitudinal wave of constant frequency
(C) mechanical wave of varying frequency
(D) electromagnetic wave of varying wavelengths
A student plucks a guitar string and the
vibrations produce a sound wave with a
frequency of 650 hertz.
Calculate the wavelength in m of the sound
wave in air at STP.
A beam of light travels through medium X
with a speed of 1.80 × 108 meters per
second.
Calculate the absolute index of refraction
of medium X.
A projectile has an initial horizontal
velocity of 15 meters per second and an
initial vertical velocity of 25 m/s.
Determine the projectile’s horizontal
displacement (in m) if the total time of
flight is 5.0 seconds.
A projectile has an initial horizontal
velocity of 15 meters per second and an
initial vertical velocity of 25 m/s.
Determine the maximum height of the
projectile (in m) if the total time of flight
is 5.0 seconds.
A net force of 25 Newtons is applied
horizontally to a 10-kilogram block resting on
a table. What is the magnitude of the
acceleration of the block?
(A) 0.0 m/s2
(B) 0.40 m/s2
(C) 0.26 m/s2
(D) 2.5 m/s2
The speed of a car is increased uniformly from
20 meters per second to 30 meters per second
in 4.0 seconds. The magnitude of the car’s
average acceleration in this 4.0-second interval
is
(A) 0.40 m/s2
(B) 10 m/s2
(C) 2.5 m/s2
(D) 13 m/s2
A roller coaster, traveling with an initial speed
of 15 m/s, decelerates uniformly at –7.0 m/s2
to a full stop. Approximately how far does the
roller coaster travel during its deceleration?
(A) 1.0 m
(B) 2.0 m
(C) 16 m
(D) 32 m
A 0.40-kg stone attached to a string. The stone
is moving at a constant speed of 4.0 m/s in a
horizontal circle having a radius of 0.80 meter.
What is the magnitude of the centripetal
acceleration in m/s2?
A 0.40-kg stone attached to a string. The stone
is moving at a constant speed of 4.0 m/s in a
horizontal circle having a radius of 0.80 meter.
What is the magnitude of the centripetal force
in N?
A box is at rest on an inclined plane. Which
vector best represents the direction of the
normal force acting on the box?
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
If the magnitude of the gravitational force
of Earth on the Moon is F, the magnitude
of the gravitational force of the Moon on
Earth is
(A) smaller than F
(B) larger than F
(C) equal to F
Which term represents a scalar
quantity?
(A) distance
(B) force
(C) displacement
(D) weight
A block weighing 15 Newtons is pulled to the
top of an incline that is 0.20 meter above the
ground. If 4.0 joules of work are needed to pull
the block the full length of the incline, how
much work is done against friction?
(A) 1.0 J (B) 0.0 J
(C) 3.0 J
(D) 7.0 J
As a spring is stretched, its elastic potential
energy
(A) decreases
(B) increases
(C) remains the same
A 1.0-kilogram rubber ball traveling east at
4.0 m/s hits a wall and bounces back toward the
west at 2.0 m/s. Compared to the kinetic energy
of the ball before it hits the wall, the kinetic
energy of the ball after it bounces off the wall is
(A) one-fourth as great
(B) the same
(C) one-half as great
(D) four times as great
An electroscope is a device
with a metal knob, a metal
stem, and freely hanging
metal leaves used to detect
charges. The leaf
electroscope is positively
charged. As a positively charged glass rod is
brought near the knob of the electroscope, the
separation of the electroscope leaves will
(A) decrease (B) increase (C) remain the same
In the circuit
diagram, what
are the correct
readings of
voltmeters V1
and V2?
(A) V1 reads 2.0 V and V2 reads 4.0 V
(B) V1 reads 4.0 V and V2 reads 2.0 V
(C) V1 reads 3.0 V and V2 reads 3.0 V
(D) V1 reads 6.0 V and V2 reads 6.0 V
A physics student notices that 4.0 waves
arrive at the beach every 20 seconds. The
frequency of these waves is
(A) 0.20 Hz
(B) 16 Hz
(C) 5.0 Hz
(D) 80 Hz
An electric guitar is generating a sound
of constant frequency. An increase in
which sound wave characteristic would
result in an increase in loudness?
(A) speed
(B) period
(C) wavelength
(D) amplitude
How many wavelengths separate point A and
point B?
(A) 1.0
(B) 3.0
(C) 1.5
(D) 0.75
In a demonstration, a vibrating tuning fork
causes a nearby second tuning fork to begin to
vibrate with the same frequency. Which wave
phenomenon is illustrated by this
demonstration?
(A) the Doppler effect
(B) nodes
(C) resonance
(D) interference
The wave fronts spread into the region behind a
barrier. Which wave phenomenon is represented
in the diagram?
(1) reflection
(2) refraction
(3) diffraction
(4) standing waves
A wave pattern is produced by two sources
located at points A and B. Which phenomenon
occurs at the intersections of the circular wave
fronts?
(A) diffraction
(B) refraction
(C) interference
(D) reflection
Which is an acceptable unit for impulse?
(A) N•m
(B) J/s
(C) J•s
(D) kg•m/s
The centers of two 15.0-kilogram spheres are
separated by 3.00 meters. The magnitude of the
gravitational force between the two spheres is
approximately
(A) 1.11 × 10–10 N
(B) 1.67 × 10–9 N
(C) 3.34 × 10–10 N
(D) 5.00 × 10–9 N
During a collision, an 84-kilogram driver of a
car moving at 24 meters per second is brought to
rest by an inflating air bag in 1.2 seconds. The
magnitude of the force exerted on the driver by
the air bag is approximately
(A) 7.0×101 N
(B) 1.7×103 N
(C) 8.2×102 N
(D) 2.0×103 N
An apple weighing 1 Newton on the
surface of Earth has a mass of
approximately
(A) 1×10–1 kg
(B) 1×100 kg
(C) 1×101 kg
(D) 1×102 kg
In raising an object vertically at a constant
speed of 2.0 meters per second, 10 Watts of
power is developed. The weight of the object is
(A) 5.0 N
(B) 40 N
(C) 20 N
(D) 50 N
Which diagram best represents magnetic flux
lines around a bar magnet?
In which situation is the net force on the object
equal to zero?
(A) a satellite moving at constant speed around
Earth in a circular orbit
(B) an automobile braking to a stop
(C) a bicycle moving at constant speed on a
straight, level road
(D) a pitched baseball being hit by a bat
A 2.00 × 106-hertz radio signal is sent a distance
of 7.30 × 1010 meters from Earth to a spaceship
orbiting Mars. Approximately how much time
does it take the radio signal to travel from Earth
to the spaceship?
(1) 4.11×10-3 s
(2) 2.43×102 s
(3) 2.19×108 s
(4) 1.46×1017 s
The spaceship is moving away from Earth when
it receives a radio signal from Earth. Compared
to the frequency of the signal sent from Earth,
the frequency of the signal received by the
spaceship is
(A) lower
(B) higher
(C) the same
What is the total resistance of the circuit
segment?
(A) 1.0 
(B) 9.0 
(C) 3.0 
(D) 27 
A 4.0-kilogram cart is moving to the right and a
6.0-kilogram cart moving to the left on a
horizontal frictionless surface. When the two
carts collide they lock together. The magnitude
of the total momentum of the two-cart system
after the collision is
(A) 0.0 kg•m/s
(B) 6.0 kg•m/s
(C) 15 kg•m/s
(D) 30 kg•m/s
A 10.0-kilogram mass are held at rest on a
frictionless 30.0° incline by force F. What is the
approximate magnitude of force F?
(A) 9.81 N
(B) 85.0 N
(C) 49.1 N
(D) 98.1 N
An archer uses a bow to fire two similar arrows
with the same string force. One arrow is fired at an
angle of 60° with the horizontal, and the other is
fired at an angle of 45° with the horizontal.
Compared to the arrow fired at 60°, the arrow fired
at 45° has a
(A) longer flight time and longer horizontal range
(B) longer flight time and shorter horizontal range
(C) shorter flight time and longer horizontal range
(D) shorter flight time and shorter horizontal range
The graph shows the velocity of a race car
moving along a straight line as a function of
time. What is the magnitude of the
displacement of the car
from t = 2.0 seconds to
t = 4.0 seconds?
(A) 20 m
(B) 40 m
(C) 60 m
(D) 80 m
85
Which vector diagram represents the greatest
magnitude of displacement for an object?
Which circuit diagram shows
voltmeter V and ammeter A correctly
positioned to measure the total
potential difference of the circuit and
the current through each resistor?
What is the total electrical energy used
by a 1500-watt hair dryer operating for
6.0 minutes?
(A) 4.2 J
(B) 250 J
(C) 9.0×103 J
5
(D) 5.4×10 J
A periodic transverse wave has an
amplitude of 0.20 meter and a wavelength
of 3.0 meters. If the frequency of this wave
is 12 Hz, what is its speed?
(A) 0.25 m/s
(C) 36 m/s
(B) 12 m/s
(D) 4.0 m/s
A child is flying a kite, K. A student at point B, located
100. meters away from point A (directly underneath the
kite), measures the angle of elevation of the kite from
the ground as 30°. Determine the height, AK, in meters
of the kite.
A child is flying a kite, K. A student at point B, located
100. meters away from point A (directly underneath the
kite), measures the angle of elevation of the kite from
the ground as 30°. A small lead sphere is dropped from
the kite. Calculate the amount of time required for the
sphere to fall to the ground.