Transcript TOPIC :---LIFE PROCESSES CLASS :--

CONSTRUCTIVIST PLAN
TOPIC :---LIFE PROCESSES
CLASS :--- 10th
SUB -TOPIC :- NUTRITION IN HUMAN BEINGS
RMSA Team
 Kishori Lal ,Lect. Biology,GSSS Saigaloo,SRG
 Bharat Kashyap,Lect.Biology,GSSS
Majhwar,SRG
 Janaki Dass.Lect.Biology,DIET,Kullu,SRG
(Valuable suggestions are always welcome)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES :To Promote Spirit of enquiry,
Experimentation and Observation.
To interpret the impact of various
phenomenon in our daily life.
To promote problem solving and decision
making attitude.
To inculcate scientific attitude.
To make the students aware about the
contextual knowledge .
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The student will be able to:•
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•
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explore various life processes;
explore modes of nutrition;
explain digestion in human beings;
know the structure and functioning of human
respiratory system;
• describe the structure and functioning of human
heart;
• explain structure and functioning of human
excretory system.
MOTIVATION
Look at these images:-
Eating fruits
Flesh Eating
Breathing
Breathing
Urinating
Presentation by teacher
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Why do we take food?
What does the food contain?
Where does the food go in our body?
What happens to food in our body?
How food is digested in our body?
• Human beings are heterotrophic organisms. They obtain their
food from plants, animals and animal products .
• They take this food in complex form (starch, proteins, fats)which
are broken down into simpler substances ( glucose , amino
acids ,fatty acids etc.)
• Digestive glands present in our body help in breaking the food.
• The human digestive system consists of alimentary canal and
associated glands.
Digestive system
Alimentary canal
• Mouth
• Buccal cavity
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
• Rectum
• anus
Digestive Glands
• Salivary gland
•
•
•
•
Gastric gland
Liver
Pancreas
Intestinal gland
ALIMENTARY CANAL
 It is a 9 metre long tube
with muscular walls and
glandular epithelium which
extends from mouth to
anus.
 The alimentary canal
consists of several organs.
MOUTH
It is the
uppermost
opening of the
digestive system .
It is guarded by
two soft movable
lips.
It opens into
buccal cavity.
BUCCAL CAVITY
 It is a large space
bounded by upper
immovable and
lower movable jaw
which bears four
types of teeth and a
soft muscular
tongue.
 The buccal cavity
has three pairs of
salivary glands.
 The saliva contains
water ,mucus and
salivary
amylase(ptyalin ) .
Pharynx
It serves as a passage for food from buccal
cavity to the oesophagus.
Oesophagus
The oesophagus is a long tubular structure which
serves to carry the food from pharynx to stomach
by peristaltic movement.
Stomach
 It is wide J-shaped muscular
sac present on the left side of
the abdomen .
 It consists of four parts.
 The walls of the stomach
possesses three types of
gastric glands which secrete
gastric juice containing HCl,
pepsin protein digesting
enzyme & mucus.
 It serves three functions
1. Storage of food
2. Mechanical churning of
food
3. Partial digestion
Small intestine
 It is largest part
of alimentary
canal.
 It is about 6m.
long tube.
 It consists of
three parts –
duodenum ,
jejunum and
ileum.
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
Digestion and
absorption of
food is
completed with
the help of
various
enzymes in
small intestine.
Bile coming
from liver helps
to emulsify the
fat.
 The wall of small
intestine is raised
into numerous
projections called
VILLI.
 The villi greatly
increases the
absorptive surface
area of the inner
lining of intestine.
.
Structure of Villi
LARGE INTESTINE
 It is shorter but wider
than small intestine.
 It consists of three
parts - caecum, colon
and rectum.
 It is arranged around
the mass of small
intestine in the form
of a ? .
 It lacks villi but
secretes mucous.
GROUP FORMATION
 Group 1. (a) Give the functions of bile juice.
(b) Frame one question at your own and answer it.
 Group 2. (a)Name types of enzymes involved in the digestion of
food.
(b) Frame one question at your own and answer it.
 Group 3 (a)Draw the flow chart of digestive system.
(b) Frame one question at your own and answer it.
 Group 4.(a) Match the following : --Liver
Secretion of HCL & mucus
Small Intestine Absorption of water
Gall bladder
Completion of digestion
Gastric gland
Bile stored
(b) Frame one question at your own and answer it.
EVALUATION
HCl In the stomach kills germs.
…….
Ptyalin
 The saliva contains an enzymes called -------.
The rhythmic movement by which the food is
taken to the stomach through food pipe is
Peristalsis
called……………..
Bile
 -------Is
secreted by the liver.
Name the longest part of
Small intestine
alimentary canal.
The inner lining of small intestine has numerous
Villi
finger like projections called --------
Home assignments
Draw a well labelled diagram of human
digestive system.
Make a list of different resources of
carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
QUESTION BANK
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
1. Give the term to the rhythmic contraction of alimentary canal.
a) Peristalsis
b.
Dialysis
c. Exocytosis
d.
Endocytosis
2. Where is the bile produced ?
a) Gall bladder
b.
Liver
c. Pancreas
d.
Small intestine
3. Name the largest gland in human body:
a) Pancreas
b.
Thymus
c. Liver
d.
Salivary
4. Which is the longest part of the alimentary canal?
5. Which organ is associated with the secretion of insulin?
6. Which is the vestigial organ in the alimentary canal?
7. Which part of the alimentary canal is responsible for complete digestion
of fats, carbohydrates and proteins?
8. List the various life processes.
UNDERSTANDING LEVEL
1.Name the enzymes for the digestion of
carbohydrates.
2.Name the enzymes for the digestion of proteins.
3.Name the enzymes for the digestion of fats.
4. Which salt is responsible for emulsification of
fats?
5. Name different parts of stomach.
6. Where does mechanical churning take place.
7. Name different parts of small intestine .
APPLICATION LEVEL
1. How do villi enhance absorption of food in
the intestine:
a)By Increasing the surface area.
b)By decreasing the surface area
c) Both a) and b)
d.
none of the above
2. Explain the importance of nutrition.
3. What are the different modes of nutrition?
4. Explain the role of HCl in digestion.
Analysis level
1. Match the terms in column I to those in
column II
Column I
Column II
i.) insulin
a) Liver
ii) Amylase
b) Gastric glands
iii) Bile
c) Pancreas
iv) Pepsin
d) Saliva
.
2. Explain various modes of heterotrophic
nutrition.
Synthesis level
1. The correct order of steps occurring in nutrition in animal is:
a. Ingestion--->absorption--->digestion--->assimilation--->egestion
b. Ingestion--->digestion--->assimilation--->egestion
c. Ingestion-->digestion-->absorption-->assimilation-->egestion
d. Ingestion-->assimilation-->digestion-->absorption-->egestion
2. Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts as they occur in
the human alimentary canal?
a. Mouth--->stomach--->small intestine--->oesophagus--->large intestine
b. Mouth--->oesophagus--->stomach--->large intestine--->small intestine
c. Mouth--->stomach--->oesophagus--->small intestine--->large intestine
d. mouth --> oesophagus --> stomach --> small intestine --> large intestine
3. Draw a well labeled diagram of digestive system.
4. Explain the phases of digestion in human beings.
5. Explain Role of pancreas in digestion.
6. Explain Role of bile in digestion.
Synthesis level
7. On a sheet of paper, write the name of each colored organ:
• Green:
• Red:
• Pink:
• Brown:
• Purple:
• Green:
• Yellow:
Evaluation level
1. Explain the structure & function of digestive
system?
2. Explain the role of bile.
3. Describe different parts of small intestine ?
4. Where are the villi are found in our alimentary
canal .Also show their role in digestion.
Thank you