Transcript Pre-Geography PowerPoint - Mr. Goff`s world history class

MR. GOFF’S WORLD HISTORY
UNIT ONE: GEOGRAPHY
5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
BYOD
BRING YOUR OWN DEVICE
IN SMALL GROUPS (3-4), USE YOUR ELECTRONIC
DEVICE(S) AND DEFINE THE FOLLOWING VOCAB.
WORDS
1. GEOGRAPHY
2. PERSPECTIVE
3. LANDSCAPE
4. CARTOGRPAHY
5. METEOROLOGY
6. REGION
7. FORMAL REGION
8. FUNCTIONAL REGION
5 THEMES VIDEO CLIP
L.E.Q./ OBJECTIVE
WHAT I SHOULD KNOW
LECTURE #1
• WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY
• HOW ARE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY LINKED?
• WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN BRANCHES IN GEOGRAPHY?
• HOW DO WE USE GEOGRAPHY ?
HOW ARE
GEOGRAPHY AND
HISTORY LINKED?
*GEORGRAPHY – IS THE STUDY OF EVERYTHING
ON EARTH, FROM ROCKS AND RAINFALL TO
PEOPLE AND PLACES.
HOW DO THEY LINK?
THE LINK
BY SHOWING HOW PEOPLE LIVED IN
DIFFERENT TIMES AND PLACES,
GEOGRAPHERS HAVE ADDED TO OUR
KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN HISTORY.
THE 5 THEMES AND SIX ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
• 1) LOCATION – DEALS WITH THE EXACT OR RELATIVE SPOT OF
SOMETHING ON EARTH.
• 2) PLACE – PHYSICAL AND HUMAN FEATURES OF A LOCATION.
• 3) HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL – WAYS PEOPLE AND ENVIRONMENTS
INTERRELATE WITH AND AFFECT EACH OTHER.
• 4) MOVEMENT – INVOLVED HOW PEOPLE AND THINGS CHANGE
LOCATIONS AND THE EFFECTS OF THESE CHANGES.
• 5) REGION – ORGANIZES EARTH INTO GEOGRAPHIC AREAS WITH ONE
OR MORE SHARED CHARACTERISTICS.
TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
WHO USES GEOGRAPHY???
• WE ____________ USE GEOGRAPHY EVERYDAY!
• USE IT TO FIND PLACES.
WHERE TO LOCATE PLACES (LIKE RESTAURANTS)
• TO LOCATE GIRLFRIEND/BOYFRIEND HANGOUTS.
USE GPS TO FIND EXACTLY WHERE CERTAIN PLACES ARE!!!
SUB FIELDS OF GEOGRAPHY
CARTOGRAPHY – THE STUDY OF MAPS AND MAPMAKING.
METEOROLOGY – THE STUDY OF ___________________.
HOW DO WE STUDY GEOGRAPHY
REGION – AN AREA WITH ONE OR MORE COMMON
FEATURES THAT MAKE IT DIFFERENT THAN SURROUNDING
AREAS.
DEFINED BY THEIR HUMAN AND PHYSICAL FEATURES.
TYPES OF REGIONS: 3 BASIC WAYS
• 1) FORMAL REGIONS – HAS ONE OR MORE
COMMON FEATURES THAT MAKE IT DIFFERENT FROM
SURROUNDING AREAS.
• 2) FUNCTIONAL REGIONS – DIFFERENT PLACES THAT
ARE LINKED TOGETHER AND FUNCTION AS A UNIT.
• PERCEPTUAL REGIONS – REGIONS THAT REFLECT
HUMAN FEELINGS AND ATTITUDES.
EXAMPLES
• FORMAL REGION
EXAMPLE: THE SAHEL IN AFRICA. THIS DRY REGION LIES BETWEEN THE SAHARA, A VAST DESERT
TO THE NORTH, AND WETTER FORESTED AREAS TO THE SOUTH
. FUNCTIONAL REGION
EXAMPLE: A CITY TRANSIT SYSTEM IS A FUNCTIONAL REGION. IT INCLUDES MANY DIFFERENT
PLACES. HOWEVER, THE FLOW OF PEOPLE, TRAINS, AND BUSES LINK THOSE PLACES TOGETHER.
PERCEPTION
EXAMPLE: DIFFERENT PEOPLE SEE THE SAME PLACE DIFFERENTLY.
ASSESSMENT
• CREATE A DREAM TOWN
DIRECTIONS: DESCRIBE THE GEOGRAPHY OF YOUR TOWN. WHERE IS IT LOCATED? WHAT ARE
THE PEOPLE LIKE? WHAT IS THE LANDSCAPE LIKE? IS THE WEATHER CONSISTENT YEAR ROUND,
OR DOES IT CHANGE?
DO NOT RUSH THROUGH THIS ASSIGNMENT. USE WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED TODAY
(VOCABULARY WORDS AND CONCEPTS) TO COMPLETE THIS ASSIGNMENT.
MR. GOFF’S WORLD HISTORY
GEOGRAPHY: SKILL BUILDING
USING THE GEOGRAPHER’S TOOLS
WARM UP
1. LIST A TIME WHEN YOU’VE HAD TO USE A MAP, GLOBE AND OR A GPS.
2. IN YOUR OPINION, HOW DO MAPS HELP US IN OUR EVERYDAY AFFAIRS?
COMPLETE AND TURN IN
DREAM TOWN ASSESSMENT
L.E.Q. WHAT I SHOULD KNOW
1.
HOW DO GEOGRAPHERS AND MAPMAKERS ORGANIZE OUR WORLD?
2.
3.
WHAT KINDS OF SPECIAL MAPS DO GEOGRAPHERS USE?
HOW DO GEOGRAPHERS USE CLIMATE GRAPHS AND POPULATION PYRAMIDS?
GLOBE
ORGANIZING THE GLOBE
• GLOBE – SCALE MODEL OF EARTH
• USEFUL FOR LOOKING AT THE WHOLE PLANET OR LARGE
AREAS OF ITS LAND AND WATER SURFACES.
• THE PATTERN OF LINES MAKES A GRID.
• LATITUDE – DRAWN IN AN EAST-WEST DIRECTION.
• LONGITUDE – NORTH SOUTH DIRECTION.
CONTINUED
• LATITUDE MEASURE THE DISTANCE NORTH AND SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR.
LINES OF LATITUDE ARE ALSO CALLED PARALLELS.
• LINES OF LONGITUDE ARE CALLED MERIDIANS. MEASURE EAST AND WEST
OF THE PRIME MERIDIAN.
• BOTH MEASURED IN DEGREES, DEGREES ARE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO
MINUTES. 60 MINUTES IN A DEGREE.
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
HEMISPHERES, CONTINENTS, OCEANS
• THE EQUATOR DIVIDED THE EARTH INTO HEMISPHERES.
• PRIME MERIDIAN AND 180 MERIDIAN DIVIDE THE WORLD INTO EASTERN AND
WESTERN HEMISPHERES.
• ALSO ORGANIZED INTO 7 CONTINENTS.
AFRICA, ANTARCTICA, ASIA, AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA AND SOUTH
AMERICA.
• ASIA IS THE LARGES AND AUSTRALIA IS THE SMALLEST.
• GREENLAND IS THE WORLD’S LARGEST ISLAND.
MAPS
MAKING MAPS
• ______ ARE FLAT REPRESENTATIONS OF ALL OR PART OF EARTH’S SURFACE.
• A COLLECTION OF MAPS IN ONE BOOK IS CALLED AN ATLAS.
• DIFFERENT WAYS OF REPRESENTING THE ROUND EARTH ON A FLAT MAP.
THESE ARE CALLED MAP PROJECTIONS. TRUE SIZED OF CONTINENTS AND
BODIES OF WATER ARE NOT SHOWN ON ALL MAPS.
GREAT CIRCLE ROUTE
• DRAWING A STRAIGHT LINE ON A FLAT MAP WILL NOT SHOW THE
SHORTEST ROUTE BETWEEN TWO PLACES.
• SHORTEST ROUTE BETWEEN TWO PLACES ON THE PLANET IS CALLED
A GREAT CIRCLE ROUTE.
MAP PROJECTIONS
• CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS – ARE DESIGNED LIKE A CYLINDER HAS BEEN
WRAPPED AROUND THE GLOBE. A MERCATOR MAP IS AN EXAMPLE OF THIS.
HELPS NAVIGATORS BECAUSE IT SHOWS TRUE DIRECTION AND SHAPE.
LANDMASSES AT HIGH LATITUDES ARE EXAGGERATED IN SIZE.
• CONIC PROJECTIONS – ARE DESIGNED AS IF A CONE HAS BEEN PLACED
OVER THE GLOBE. ACCURATE WHERE THE LINES OF LATITUDE WHERE IT
TOUCHES THE GLOBE.
• FLAT-PLANE GLOBES – TOUCH THE GLOBE AT ONE POINT. SHOWS TRUE
DIRECTION FOR PLANES AND SHIPS.
CONIC MAP AND FLAT PLANE
UNDERSTANDING MAP ELEMENTS
• SCALE – THE SIZE OF AN AREA AND THE LEVEL OF DETAIL THAT IS
SHOWN. MAPS SHOW LARGE OR SMALL AREAS.
DISTANCE SCALES
• DIRECTION SCALES SHOWS THE REAL DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO
PLACES ON A MAP.
DIRECTIONAL INDICATORS
• DIRECTIONAL INDICATORS - SHOWS WHICH DIRECTION ON A MAP IS
NORTH SOUTH EAST OR WEST.
SOME MAPMAKERS USE A “NORTH ARROW,” WHICH POINTS TOWARD
THE NORTH POLE.
• COMPASS ROSE – HAS ARROWS THAT POINT TO ALL FOUR PRINCIPAL
DIRECTIONS.
LEGENDS
• LEGENDS - IDENTIFIES THE SYMBOLS ON A MAP
AND WHAT THEY REPRESENT.
CLIMATE GRAPHS AND POPULATION PYRAMIDS
• CLIMATE GRAPHS SHOW THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURES AND
PRECIPITATION IN ONE GRAPH.
• ALONG THE LEFT SIDE OF THE CLIMATE GRAPH IS A RANGE OF
TEMPERATURES. RIGHT SIDE IS AN AVERAGE AMOUNT OF
PRECIPITATION.
• A POPULATION PYRAMID – SHOWS THE AVERAGE AMOUNT OF
MALES AND FEMALES BY AGE GROUP IN A COUNTRY’S POPULATION.
IDENTIFY THE MAPS
• HANDOUTS WITH MAPS
PLEASE WRITE ANSWERS ON YOUR OWN PAPER
UNIT TEST REVIEW
ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER, EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS BY USING
THEM CORRECTLY IN SENTENCES.
• GEOGRAPHY, CARTOGRAPHY, REGION, FORMAL REGION, FUNCTIONAL REGION, PERCEPTUAL
REGION, EQUATOR, PRIME MERIDIAN, CONTINENTS AND ATLAS.
MAP ASSESSMENT
NAME EACH CONTINENT USE. PG. 1000 IN HISTORY BOOK
COLOR MAP
GEOGRAPHY REVIEW
UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS
• 1. WHAT ARE TWO MAIN BRANCHES IN THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY?
• 2. WHAT ARE THE 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY?
• 3. WHAT ARE THE 6 KINDS OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE MAPS?