Transcript Chapter 1 1 File - Northwest ISD Moodle

Geography
Geography
Defined:
• The study of the distribution and
interaction of physical and human features
on the earth.
Themes of Geography
• Location (where is it?)
• Place (what is it like?)
• Region (how are areas similar or
different?)
• Human-Environment Interaction (how do
people relate to the physical world?)
• Movement (how do people, ideas and
products move from one place to
another?)
Location
• Where is it?
– Absolute Location-exact
place on earth where a
geographic feature is found
Catherine Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia
59.56° N latitude, 30.18° E longitude
Fenway Park, Boston
Home plate is precisely at
° Degree
42° 20’ 46.47” N latitude
‘
Minute
71° 05’ 51.96” W longitude
“
Second
Hemispheres
Geographic Grid
• Absolute location is
where lines of latitude
and longitude cross
Location
• Where is it?
– Relative Location- a
place in comparison to
other places around it
(house next to the gas
station)
e.g., the NHS band hall is located
just beyond the top of the stairs
(adjacent to the student union),
across the short hall, and through
the doors. ☺
Place
• What is it like?
– Explains
characteristics like
landforms, climate,
human interaction
with the
environment
South Sea Island, New
Zealand
Region
• How are areas similar
or different?
– Formal
– Functional
– Perceptual
Cairo, Egypt
Marrakech, Morocco
Human-Environment Interaction
• How do people relate
to the physical world?
– Interact with the
environment to adjust
or to alter it
Ireland
Movement
• How do people, ideas
and products move
from place to place?
Harrod’s, London, England
Geographer’s Tools
• Maps (2-D)
• Globes (3-D)
Map Making
• Surveyors
• Satellites
• Geographic
Information
Systems (GIS)
• Global
Positioning
System (GPS)
Surveyors
• Observe, measure
and record what they
see in a specific area
• Most done by remote
sensing, aerial
photography or
satellites
Satellites
Hyperlinks
Landsat
GOES
• Landsat
• Geostationary
Operational
Environment Satellite
(GOES)
Geographic Information Systems
(GIS)
• Combines from
various sources into a
digital data base
– It lets you visualize the
use of space in
different ways
Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Developed for the
military (originally)
• Uses a series of 24
satellites called
NAVSTARS
Maps
•
•
•
•
Topographic
Physical
Political
Thematic
Topographic Maps
A general reference
map of the
manmade and
natural features on
earth.
Stowe, Vermont
Physical Maps
Political Maps
Thematic Maps
Map Reading
Map Elements
•
•
•
•
•
Title
Compass Rose
Labels
Legend/Key
Lines
– Latitude
– Longitude
• Scale
• Symbols
• Color
Map Projections
• Shows the curved
surface of the earth
on a flat map
• Flat maps always
distort some aspect of
the earth’s surface
Projection Maps
• Conical
– Show land masses
that extend over large
areas
– Go east to west
Map Projections
• Cylindrical
– Shows the entire earth
on one map
Conclusion
• 5 Themes
–
–
–
–
–
Location
Place
Region
Human Environment
Movement
• Geographers Tools
–
–
–
–
3 D and 2 D
Science of Map Making
Maps
Map Reading