Transcript Geography Handbook Power Point

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Location
Place
Human/Environment Interaction
Movement
Regions
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The World in Spatial Terms—Where is it? Location.
Location. Location.
Places and Regions—Describes what a place is like
using physical and human characteristics
Physical Systems—Events that shape the earth’s
surface as well as how plants/animals depend upon
nature for survival
Human Systems—Looks at how boundary lines as
well as people, goods, & ideas shape the world
Environment and Society—Investigates how people
use their environment and how their actions affect the
environment
The Uses of Geography—Helps us understand the
relationships among people, places, and environments
over time.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIzg9e-TQ5I
The World in Spatial Terms—Create a map that shows
the route you travel from home to school.
Places and Regions—Describe a favorite city, state, or
country using physical characteristics and customs.
Physical Systems—Explain how a hurricane has the
Southeastern U.S.’s population and economy.
Human Systems—Describe 2 reasons why people
move to different places.
Environment and Society—Identify 1 positive and 1
negative way people have modified our environment.
The Uses of Geography—How do businesses use
geography?
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Geographers divide the earth into hemispheres.
The Equator circles the middle of the earth like
a belt.
The Equator divides the earth into the northern
and southern hemispheres.
Everything above the Equator is north.
Everything below the Equator is south.
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The Prime Meridian runs vertically from the
North Pole to the South Pole.
The Prime Meridian divides the earth into the
eastern and western hemispheres.
Everything east of the Prime Meridian is the
eastern hemisphere.
Everything west of the Prime Meridian is the
western hemisphere.
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Parallels are lines of latitude and circle the
earth parallel to the Equator.
When you think latitude, think fatitude.
Parallels measure the distance north or south of
the Equator in degrees.
The Equator is 0 degrees latitude; the North
Pole is 90’ N latitude, and the South Pole is 90
degrees S latitude.
When determining the absolute location of a
place, the line of latitude is written first.
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Meridians are lines of longitude and circle the
earth from North Pole to South Pole.
Meridians measure distances east or west of 0
degrees Longitude AKA the Prime Meridian.
The Prime Meridian runs through the Royal
Observatory in Greenwich, England.
The Prime Meridian sets the time for each time
zone in the world.
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If it is 5 pm in
Kentucky, what time is
it in Japan?
If it is 8 pm in
Kentucky, what time is
it in Hawaii?
If it is 9 am in Kentucky,
what time is it in Italy?
If it is 12 pm in
Kentucky, what time is
it in Australia?
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Lines of latitude and longitude make it possible to
find absolute location.
Lines of latitude and longitude form a grid system.
Only one place can be found at the point where a
specific line of latitude crosses a specific line of
longitude.
For example, the absolute location of Jackson,
Kentucky is 37 degrees N latitude, 83 degrees W
longitude or 37 N, 83 W.
Complete Latitude & Longitude Exercise 1 and
turn in before class is over.
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The most accurate way to depict the earth is using a globe.
A globe gives a true picture of the continents’ relative sizes
and shapes of landmasses and bodies of water.
A map is a flat drawing of all or part of the earth’s surface.
Maps can show small areas in details as well as other items.
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A great circle is a line that follows the curve of the earth.
Traveling along a great circle is called following a great circle route.
Airline pilots use great circle routes because they are the shortest
flight routes.
The idea of a great circle route shows 1 big difference between a globe
and a map…a globe accurately shows circle routes whereas on a map
the route between 2 points may not appear the shortest distance.
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Goode’s Interrupted Equal Area Projection
Shows continents close to their true shapes and
sizes.
Helpful to compare land areas among
continents.
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Robinson Projection has minor distortions showing
land on the western and eastern sides much as it does
on the globe.
Greatest distortion is at the North and South Poles.
This is the type of map projection we used for latitude
and longitude.
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Winkel Tripel Projection gives a good overall
view of the continents’ shapes and sizes.
Land areas are not as distorted at the North
and South Poles as in Robinson projection.
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Robinson versus Winkel Tripel
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Mercator Projection shows true direction and land
shapes accurately, but not size or distance.
Areas located far from the Equator are distorted.
Example: Russia appears much larger than it is.
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2 General Purpose Maps are physical maps and
political maps.
Physical maps depict landforms and water features as
well as elevation.
Political maps show the names and boundaries of
countries, the location of cities, and other human-made
features of a place.
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Special purpose maps are made to present
specific kinds of information usually showing
themes or patterns.
A graph is a way of summarizing and presenting information
visually. Each part of a graph gives useful info.
1st read a graph’s title to find out the subject.
2nd read the labels along the axes. One axis will tell what is being
measured; the other axis will tell units of measurement.
Bar graphs use wide bars to compare quantities of data visually.
Line graphs use lines to show data that changes over a period of time.
Circle graphs are used to show how the whole of
something is divided into parts. AKA pie graphs.
Each slice represents a “slice” or % of the whole
“pie.”
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Charts represent facts and numbers in an organized
way. They arrange data in rows and columns for easy
reference.
1st read the title to find out the info the chart contains.
2nd read the labels at the top of each column and on the
left side of the chart to understand the data the chart is
measuring.
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Pictographs are good for making comparisons.
Pictographs use rows of small pictures or
symbols with each picture or symbol
representing an amount.
A climograph combines a line graph and a bar
graph to give an overall picture of long-term
weather patterns in a particular place.
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Diagrams are drawings that show steps in a process, point out the
parts of an object, or explain how something works.
An elevation profile is a type of diagram that is helpful when
comparing elevations or height of an area.
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Turn to pages GH 14 and GH 15 in your
textbook.
Please be familiar with these terms.