Transcript Local indigenous governance

“Arctic – Changing Realities”:
An Indigenous Governance
Perspective
Dr. Jessica Shadian
Senior Researcher
High North Center for Business and
Governance
Bodo, Norway
[email protected]
Nordic Council of Ministers
26 May, 2010, Eigtveds Pakhus, Copenhagen,
Denmark
Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Arctic populations
Three layers of Indigenous
Governance
• International – international human rights
law
• Arctic Council – Indigenous Permanent
Participants
• Local – Land claims agreements, comanagement, federal mandates for
indigenous groups, self-Rule
Alaska Indigenous
Populations
Alaska Co-Management
The Alaska Eskimo Whaling
Commission
9 Alaska Whaling Associations
Bi-annual conferences on
bowhead whales
Science Advisory Committee
National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Association (NOAA)
local oil and revenues
from the North Slope Borough
International Whaling Commission
Arctic Canada
As we celebrated our 30th anniversary, we [ITK]
changed our name from Inuit Tapirisat of Canada
to Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. We also adopted a new
logo. At its heart is Canada’s maple leaf, circled
by Inuit representing the four Settlement
Regions, all anchored to the ulu. Together they
demonstrate our cultural distinctions and unity, as
well as our commitment to Canada. We are more
than First Canadians, we are Canadians First!
Canadian Land Claims
• 1975 - James Bay and Northern Quebec
Agreement (JBNQA)
• 1984 - Inuvialuit Final Agreement
Northwest Territories
• 1993 - Nunavut Act
• 1999 - Territory of Nunavut
• 2007 - Labrador in Nunavik
Nunavut
One possible route for
through the Northwest
Passage
Source: UNEP/GRID
Total and Sámi populations of Arctic areas of Fennoscandia
(based on national census data)
Published 1998
Sámi Act of Finland
... The Sámi as an indigenous people shall,
according to the provisions in the law, be
ensured cultural autonomy within their
Homeland area, in relation to their
language and culture.
Arctic Council Permanent Indigenous Participants
•Aleut International Association (AIA)
•Arctic Athabaskan Council
•Gwich’in Council International
•ICC
•Raipon
•The Saami Council
sovereign states and non-state actors collaborate, most
generally, as equal partners in order to address those
issues, which transcend the competence of the state
alone to solve. Policy makers at all levels of governance
are in this sense “reinventing” government away from
top down policy and management. This includes the
devolution of power towards a shared bureaucratic
decision making order where assessments emanate from
local citizens, local government, private industry, NGOs as
well as state and international political bodies. These
‘alternative institutional arrangements’ based on
decentralisation; collaboration and citizen participation
are especially pronounced in regional environmental policy
making and governance.
Karkkainen February 2004.
Arctic Governance
Global Governance
Inuit Circumpolar Council
International Whaling Commission
The Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission
9 Alaska Whaling Associations
Bi-annual conferences on
bowhead whales = Arctic Science
Science Advisory Committee
North Slope Borough/
Local indigenous governance
References:
•
Karkkainen, Bradley C. (February 2004) ‘Post-Sovereign Environmental Governance’ Global
Environmental Politics. 4:1: MIT.
•
Karkkainen, Bradley C. (2002) Collaborative Ecosystem Governance: Scale, Complexity, and
Dynamism. 21 Virginia Environmental Law Journal 189.
•
Nettheim, Garch; Gary D. Meyers and Donna Craig (2002) Indigenous Peoples and Governance
Structures: A Comparative Analysis of Land and Resource Management Rights Aboriginal Studies
Press
•
Shadian, Jessica (Forthcoming) ‘From States to Polities: Re-Conceptualizing Sovereignty Through
Inuit Governance’ European Journal of International Relations (EJIR).
•
Shadian, Jessica (Fall 2007) ‘In Search of an Identity Canada looks North’ The American Review
of Canadian Studies. 37(3): 323-353
•
Shadian, Jessica (July 2006) ‘Remaking Arctic governance: The construction of an Arctic Inuit
Polity’ Polar Record. 42(222): 249-259.
.
Treadwell, Mead. April 3rd, 2010 “Arctic neighbors, let's work together”, Anchorage Daily News
URL: http://www.adn.com/2010/04/03/1211182/arctic-neighbors-lets-work-together.html.
•
•
Very fruitful phone Conversation with Mark Nuttall.